The foundation repair is a rather difficult case for which considerable costs need. To fulfill this work yourself, you need to know the basis of the basis, as well as the causes and signs of its destruction. If we speak specifically about the foundation of wooden houses, then the cracks on the seam appear in these cases. Because of this, doors and windows can be moved. In general, all visual defects are as a rule, associated with the destruction of the foundation. To base, but, therefore, the house itself served longer, you need to carry out repair work on time. This requires strengthening or reconstruction of the foundation. Sometimes it may be necessary for overhaul. But it is often enough to simply eliminate the cracks that appeared, i.e. Conduct partial reconstruction.
Causes of the destruction of foundation
It must be said that the repair of the foundation of the wooden house itself is not easy. Therefore, if you do not have experience, then this work is better to entrust professionals. However, it is worth saying that the price of the foundation of the wooden house is quite high. If you decide to repair yourself yourself, then the most important thing is not to pull, and spend it as quickly as possible. However, initially, it is necessary to deal with more detail in the reasons for the destruction of the basis.
In total, several main factors can be distinguished, on which the strength and reliability of the foundation are dependent:
- First of all, changes in the bearing capacity of the soil strongly affect the basis of the basis. They most often occur due to the fact that the load on the foundation becomes more than it is able to withstand. Because of this, the soil is loosened, on which the foundation itself is based on.
- Often, the foundation begins to gradually collapse due to the incorrect drainage of water or increase the level of groundwater. Both of these factors lead to the erosion of the soil.
- The load on the ground can be increased by nearby buildings. All this can lead to a sediment and distortion of the house itself, because The ground under the foundation is under great weight.
- Another factor affecting the integrity of the base is the loss of the strength of the material from which it is made. There is a lot of reasons for this: the incorrectly chosen brand of concrete, the wrong type of foundation, the wrong calculation of the depth of the primer of the soil.
Before starting work on the restoration of the foundation, it is necessary to understand the real cause of its destruction. It is also important to correctly determine the degree of damage. Conditionally base can be divided into four classes of maintainability.
Minimum damage. This can include cases when the decoration partially penetrated from the walls of a wooden house. Such defects are insignificant, but, nevertheless, they should be eliminated so that they do not become more serious. Minimal damage can usually be eliminated without any problems.
Damage to medium severity. These include cases of appearance on the foundation of chips, chosel, cracks. The reason for their occurrence is most often the destruction or sorting of soil. It is worth saying that cracks are different. First of all, you need to determine their direction. Usually, horizontal slits in the foundation are the smallest danger. Much more dangerous are vertical and zigzag cracks.
The nature of the foundation may be temporary or progressive. You can determine this with the help of special beacons. They are made from various materials. However, consider if paper beacons are put, then when you get a moisture, the paper can replete, because of which it will already be useless. As beacons, gypsum plasters are still used. Alternatively, you can simply apply a little putty on the wall in the form of a flat line and make a mark. Thanks to such marks, it is possible to find the places of increasing crack on time and determine how quickly destruction occurs. If the foundation begins to settle, then the beacons will remain in the same places on which they were attached. Thanks to this, the settlement will immediately be noticeable.
It is worth saying that a little to suit after a while for the foundation is quite normal. In this case, it will be enough to perform the current repairs. In order to eliminate the resulting cracks, first they are slightly expanded, then purified from drop-down parts and dust, after which they perform the processing of primer and, finally, the seam is sealed using a cement solution or a special mixture. If the mounted lighthouses collapsed, this indicates a fault in the foundation or increasing wall. In this case, the simple sealing of cracks will be useless, more serious measures will be required that we describe below.
Catastrophic damage. Such defects can even lead to the destruction of the construction. This can be prevented if the basis of the basis of the basis. The complexity of the upcoming works depends on the type of foundation. In any case, there are only two options for action - to strengthen the basis or replace it completely. In the latter case, the foundation of the wooden house is replaced. The cost of these works is quite high.
Fine defects. This is the most "running case", i.e. Repair the foundation will not succeed. Therefore, you should not even think about it. It will be more profitable to destroy the house and build a new one with a new foundation.
Choosing a new foundation
It should be understood that the process of replacing the foundation under the wooden house should begin only after careful preparation. First of all, you need to decide on the design of the future foundation, which will be replaced by the old one. For heavy houses, the belt type of base is most suitable. The most interesting view of the founding under the wooden building like a country house is perhaps the pile helical foundation. It can be used as a support of the house almost on any plot. It is no coincidence that he was originally invented for military purposes. Its advantages can still be attributed to the low price and the possibility of repeated use of screw piles.
As a basis for small houses, a column basis is usually used. Despite its simplicity, it is pretty reliable and is often used for country houses or build a bath. In fact, it represents several pillars that are put into place of intersection of the walls of the construction (it is precisely the maximum load that takes place for these zones). The pillars themselves are most often made of bricks, concrete either stone. When installing, the step is necessarily observed between the columns in 1-2 m. To the bar foundations refers to another boronobic pile basis. It is so called because asbestos-cement pipes that perform the role of carrier components are stuffed from the inside with a special mixture. The most suitable place for such a foundation is the soil with a high water level.
Replacing the foundation of a wooden house
Before completely dismantling the foundation, it is necessary to carefully think about the drainage of the base, so as not to repeat the old errors and prevent the house sedimentation in the future. Most often equip a new ribbon foundation with the basement at the required height. To do this, the trench of the desired depth is first, into which the cushion based on sand and gravel is stacked. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the depth of the soil freezing. After that, it is necessary to make a solid reinforcing belt. To do this, the formwork is constructed, on which it is clearly necessary to designate the height of the bonded base. When the fill is performed and the cement will freeze, it is necessary to carry out work on waterproofing the basis. If you need, you still insulate it and bind it. When it is all done, then the house can be lowered again.
It is in demand and another way to replace the foundation of a wooden house with your own hands, which implies the use of screw piles. Often this method is less expensive. In this case, the final foundation will be almost the same durable as a concrete basis. Piles are screwed into the ground through special levers. It is important that they are screwed to the depth of greater than the level of ground freezing. In addition, they will need to be aligned and tied to the top belt from the chamber beam. A similar type of foundation best shows itself on weak and seeding soils.
Methods for strengthening foundation
If the house is donkey evenly throughout the area, i.e. Without distortion, it may be enough to restrict ourselves to the repair. To do this, the crepe foundation of the masonry must be removed. Then you need to drill holes in which anchors or fittings are driven. After that, with welding, it is binding to reinforcement. Next, the trench must be filled with liquid concrete. It is necessary to do this gradually, it is desirable to plots about 1.5 m. The most important thing is, at this stage, give concrete how to impregnate soil and fill the available cavities in the old laying. Therefore, this work should be accurately and slowly. Each flooded site will be connected to the adjacent fittings. When the trench is filled and concrete will finally freeze, then the main support will be soil. Thanks to this, the settlement must stop.
There may be cases where the overall state of the old foundation does not cause confidence, but at the same time the house can settle evenly. Then the strengthening of the base can be performed using a solid belt with a thickness of about 35 cm. To do this, at the bottom of the trenching trench, it is necessary to equip a pillow of gravel and sand, and install a formwork at the height of the base on the outer wall. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the old laying with the help of a metal grid, laid after the first layer of concrete is flooded. When the fill is completed, and the concrete will finally grab, the foundation will become wider and massive, due to which its deformation will stop. On the base after the work carried out, it is recommended to set fors.
The case is complicated when the house is at odds uneven, resulting in a skew of the old tape. In this case, you will have to raise the building on the foundation to align it. For this, special hydraulic jacks are usually used. After the rise, the house is set to temporary supports whose role metal profiles or powerful bars are performed. This is an important detail in the work on replacing the foundation of a wooden house.
Before lifting the house, it is necessary to make it easier to ease. For this, all the furniture and other heavy items are carried out of it. In some cases, they remove the doors and windows, and also make dismantling of sexual coating. To avoid the destruction of the walls, the ceiling and roof, it is necessary to raise the building very slowly. And it follows from four points. After lifting for every 6-7 cm, it is recommended to install special safety linings.
When the house is raised to the desired height, the design is placed on temporary supports. The formwork is installed on the hydrorement, taking into account the planned height of the base. In mandatory, it is necessary to draw through the old laying of the foundation, as well as to connect it with the reinforcement of the new layer, which will be poured.
When the base repair is completed, then you can lay out a brick base in the form of masonry into several rows or simply lay a frame on the reinforced concrete base. Quite often, it is necessary to replace the logs or the bars of the lower crown of the church. They are most often starting to rot. In this case, in addition to the replacement between the basement and the repaired crown, it is necessary to lay a new waterproofing reservoir, and better - several layers.
Replacing the foundation of a wooden house: photo
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