Of the large number of monolithic foundations common at the moment, the most popular is the ribbon. This is based on relatively loyal expenditures required for its device, as well as on a small amount of materials that are necessary for its device. In certain cases, a special columnar-belt foundation can be built, it all directly depends on the peculiarities of the soil.
Perform a ribbon high-quality foundation on the country site is quite simple. It is necessary to familiarize yourself with the main features of this process and carry out all the calculations required for work. Each owner of the site has the opportunity to save material on not accepted specialists, while implementing an independent erection of high-quality foundation.
Feature design
Typically, the foundation of this category is based on different dryness, non-empty soil. It is recommended to give preference to this type of design, if it is supposed to build a house that has a basement or a certain number of basement floors.
In addition, the foundation of the tape is perfect for the bath, you can perform it on your own, which is much more profitable when implementing simple construction. In this case, a special small-breeding foundation is optimally suitable, that is, based on fine downstream.
A ribbon foundation, which refers to a deep type, to erect, according to professionals, is irrational, as this is rather time-consuming and very expensive from a material point of view.
Before the main works, it is necessary to thoroughly think over and fix the project of a residential building, a bath or car garage, as well as choose a plot.
Features of the device
As a rule, the process of the foundation device consists of several stages. These include:
- Development and conduct of high-quality reinforcement.
- Designing formwork for this basis.
- High-quality waterproofing organization.
- The process of filling the foundation of the pre-diluted concrete mix.
The process of marking the foundation
Before the main work on arrangement is important to mark the design. Standard foundation has a width of about 350-400 mm. Under the preliminary delineation of the structure, the armature is clogged in the corners to the surface of the soil, direct angles are checked with a special tilter or a modern roulette operating on the laser. The line is thoroughly stretched into the valve strictly around the perimeter. Exactly in the same rule, an internal quality markup is carried out, where the indentation of about 400 mm is taken into account.
Important! Before performing the foundation, you need to work out all the drops of a similar surface and fix the lowest point. From it will need to start counting in the process of digging a pit. This is a great method to exclude the difference in the indicators of the height of the planned base.
The parameters of the depth of the erected foundation must be about 400 mm. It is very important that the bottom of the base is very smooth, compared with the water level. This process is verified using a special level.
Arrangement of formwork
After fully prepared marking, it is necessary to start the process of arranging a special sandy pillow. It is required for significant mitigation and distribution on the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation of the future load from structures. It is important that its thickness is not less than 150 mm. To save a smooth surface, it is also required to use the modern level used in construction.
On the backfill of the sand, it is mandatory watered with water and tram using special equipment. If it was decided to build a ribbon foundation, then the pillow can be made from different sweater materials. Here it is perfect:
- plywood;
- trimming of different boards;
- separate fragments of metal tile.
Installation of formwork is possible to produce directly on the site, it is enough to simply choose a very smooth surface.
Important! It is worth paying close attention that the main rule during formwork arrange is to knock it down from the inside, and the fastening elements bend strictly outside.
Such measures are designed to impart the surface of the maximum smooth structure, and the dismantling process is light and fast. This is possible only if there is no particular non-removable formwork intended for the foundation.
Making advantage of the readiness of the mounted formwork, slightly above the level where the concrete was flooded, it is necessary to fix the label and then pull the level strictly around the perimeter.
Process reinforcement
Strengthening the base is a very important process, the bottom necessarily needs to lay out bricks to then set steel elements in them. At the end of these works, it is necessary to use a special quality knitting wire.
The reinforcement elements fit into the valve at which cells must have exemplary sizes of 300 by 330 mm. Then it is worth putting it on the bottom of the cutlery on top of the preparation of bricks. In some cases, the grid can be made by professional welding, but it is worth knowing that the design can be less flexible. In the process of armature grid improvement, it is necessary to ensure that it retreats significantly from the surface level, but not more than 50 mm. This will help her be in the inside of the monolith.
Ventilation of the foundation and its waterproofing
At the end of this stage of work, it is already possible to start arranging ventilation and begin thoroughly prepare the opening for the installation of communication links. Before filling the foundation, it is required to organize waterproofing, otherwise, water located under the surface of the soil, with a constant hit in the inner part of the foundation, gradually completely destroy it. This process can be carried out by one of two methods:
- On the bottom of the dumped pit, such material is stacked as Ruberoid. In complete drying, concrete is also folded from all sides. If desired, it is possible to lift it with a resin to achieve a higher quality. This method is not characterized as very effective, since after about three years, rubberoid sheets begin to gradually move out, which requires the organization of new waterproofing.
- The use of penetron will help provide better and long-term coating. A special mixture creates high-quality protection by entering concrete with waterproof qualities. The main advantage is that concrete retains this quality throughout the use of the foundation. To ensure such a plan to protect against water, penetron must be added to the finished concrete mix. The substance must be divorced strictly in full compliance with the professional instruction and stirred by a special mixer while filling. Only after that we can assume that the foundation is most effectively protected from the effect of water.
Concrete Pouring under the foundation
At the end of these procedures, it is recommended to proceed to the fill process. For this purpose, the concrete of the 400 brand is used and it will be the perfect manufacturer. In the process of filling on its own, as a rule, it is impossible to produce this process with a qualitative one from the first time. It is necessary to produce the process of fill, at least twice, as there is a risk that over time, cold windows are formed. After some time, the water will begin to cross the water, that despite the qualitatively organized waterproofing will serve as a basis for the destruction of the foundation.
Before the fill of the foundation, it is necessary to make sure that the machine does its work properly and is able to pour a mixture of concrete from different angles of formwork. Some additionally equip a special tray so that when the complex situation occurs, the solution is made through it.
Before this process, it is important to control the composition of the solution used. If it is a little snack during transportation, you can add a small amount of water and mix thoroughly. In the process of filling, it is necessary to carefully tamper concrete through a special device. This will help to avoid the formation of destructive air pockets.
After filling the formwork with concrete, it must be carefully aligned with the most common trowel. It is required to provide excess air, the spanning mixture of concrete is one of the elements of the reinforcement.
While concrete of the foundation dries up, it is necessary to care for it in a certain way, conducting relatively uncomplicated manipulations:
- for the night it is required to cover to ensure effective protection against rain;
- in the afternoon, on hot days, it is necessary to water the concrete with water.
Formwork is recommended to be removed no earlier than one month after the fill was made. Much here depends on climate and weather conditions, some builders produce the removal process in a week.
Compliance with all recommendations and advice will help build such a tape foundation that will serve as long as possible without loss of quality.
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