Growing seedlings in a greenhouse. Methods of growing seedlings. Methods of growing seedlings

The cultivation of seedlings in the greenhouse is a very important question for both gardeners of amateurs and professionals. At the same time, the successful result can be achieved in this case, only if you comply with some important rules that we will be told about.

Content

Characteristics and types of shelters

The cultivation of seedlings in the greenhouse has several significant advantages:

In the greenhouse for seedlings there is enough sunlight.
Due to the presence of high-quality coverage, harmful radiation does not fall into the premises.
In the greenhouse, the moisture evaporates slowly, so that it is delayed longer in the soil.
Microclimate is maintained, thus avoiding sudden changes in temperature.

How to select the type of cover:

For growing seedlings in the home, such as peppers, eggplant, tomatoes and lettuce is best to use the greenhouse capital of polycarbonate.
Cucumbers, cabbage and zucchini will feel good in the greenhouse film structure.
Annual flowers and seedlings of cabbage can be grown well in steam pits.
Sprouts of tomatoes and peppers may get in greenhouses.
For the growth of germs sensitive cucumber in peat pots using film shelters tunnel.

For rational use of a design greenhouses, stable and can grow healthy seedlings which subsequently necessarily bear fruit.

Greenhouse as a kind of shelter

Greenhouse, the greenhouse is best suited for growing cabbage and flowers. It can be without too much trouble to arrange on their own:

To do this, first of all, you need to determine the size of the greenhouse. So, its width is considered the optimum 1 meter, which is useful for weeding. In length it should be no more than 3 meters. If the dimensions are larger, the wind can tear film. The height of the greenhouse is chosen based on the size of the future seedling - optimally 45-50 centimeters.
As a place for the greenhouse to choose a flat piece of land.
In a selected area is inserted into the earth reinforcement arc. Between them, there must be a distance of about one meter. It is advisable to fix them with boards and bricks.
Then, in the greenhouse should be noted series for transplanting. Between them should be about 20 centimeters.
During the first two weeks it is essential to control the temperature under the film.
The coating is useful thick cellophane. Its length should be larger than 1.5 meters of the greenhouse, and the width - 1 meter. This will be enough to press the flooring bricks to the ground.

Greenhouse pyramid as a shelter

Unlike usual greenhouses greenhouses pyramid shape are more stable when exposed to strong wind. In addition, they have a small shadow, so they do not interfere with the plants that grow around. More importantly, they retain heat well. As for the price, it is minimal.

The order of arrangement of the greenhouse:

In the manufacture of such a greenhouse it is recommended to take a base resolution of 140 by 140 centimeters. At the height of 320 cm would be enough.
To install a greenhouse of this size, you need to take 4 strips with a length of 1.5 meters. It will be covered with two layers of film width 1 meter.
The ends of the four planks are connected together, and their bases stick into the ground at a distance of 1 meters from each other.
It will take for each triangular side one piece of films of the same form. They can be connected to each other using a stapler. In this case, the top does not need to close - through this hole the greenhouse will be ventilated. It turns out the so-called "Cap", which is put on the film frame.
From the south side it is advisable to make the door that will be useful for maintenance.
The northern face of the resulting pyramid should be covered with black polyethylene. It will help make a greenhouse still warmer.
When the design is ready, it can be placed in the desired location on the site.

Greenhouse Pyramid with Foundation

The area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation for this velocity of the greenhouse is 3 by 3 meters. It is erected from pipes with a diameter of 100 millimeters, which are poured with concrete.
The corners of the foundation are strengthened with steel corners, the size of each side of which is 80 millimeters.
To complete the foundation, it remains to attach to the corners of the board.
The edges of the pyramids in the corners are attached using self-tapping screws and steel plates. The free ends of the faces are then connected together to make the top.
They should be fixed by aluminum sheets.
As in the last variant, the door is located on the southern face.
In a plot under the pyramid, beds are made, having a height of up to 80 centimeters. They should be pushed by slate or ordinary boards.

Mini greenhouse as shelter

It is used for seedlings of various cultures. Including peppers, tomatoes, cabbage. It is still suitable for growing colors seedlings. Glass and film can be used as a cover. For the manufacture of a frame applied wood, plastic or metal. This greenhouse must be installed in place protected from drafts and wind. So that the shoots were most favorable, the beds should be broken from east to the west. As heating, biological fuel is used. For example, you can apply dry leaves, manure, grass, straw or chicken litter. Special electrical appliances are used for air drying. To maintain moisture, it will be necessary to put buckets with water in the greenhouse.

Mini-greenhouse is made as follows:

The frame of such a greenhouse consists of 4 boards connected by each other. Two of them perform the role of a shield.
As a top, boards protruding on 600 millimeters are used.
The rafters in the corners must be stored.
From above, they are covered with film or polycarbonate, after which they are fixed by the rails.

What a coating to choose

As a material for greenhouse coating, used:

glass,
polycarbonate
air-bubble film.

All of them are considered equivalent to protect seedlings. The difference only lies in their strength, appearance and cost. Therefore, everyone decides for himself, which of these materials choose.

The technology of growing seedlings

Planning when growing vegetable seedlings

First of all, you need to distribute the landing site for each culture. The soil is usually prepared in the fall. At this time, it is more fertile and well drained. At autumn, the soil in the greenhouse can be used for sowing cold-resistant vegetables.

The greenhouse is recommended to use rationally. So, from March 10 until May 1, it will be time to climb cabbage. Then until August 20, the cucumbers can be grown in the same land. The next 2 months is grown salad and radish.

Terms of growing seedlings

It is very important to correctly pick up the time of disembarking seedlings to the greenhouse. For this you need to consider several factors:

So, the approximate date of the seedlings landing on a permanent place should take into account. Sprouts should be prepared approximately by mid-May.
It is still necessary to take into account the deadline for shooting after sowing. It can vary from 2 to 15 days. It depends on the culture.
Be sure to take into account the time of adaptation of seedlings after a transplantation or dive.
Any seedlings have its own age, which also need to be considered.
At various plant crops there are a different period of landing in a greenhouse:

so, the best time for landing early varieties of tomatoes is considered to be the end of spring and no later than June 1;
peppers and eggplants can be planted in February or in March;
sweet pepper is accepted to land in the greenhouse until June 5;
cucumbers can be planted after May 25, but heating should be heated in the greenhouse.

Methods of growing seedlings

Growing pepper

Peppers, in contrast to some other crops, early sowing is useful. Shoots will quickly develop at a temperature of +20. With air humidity 60% and soil 80%. Shoots usually appear on the fourth day after sowing. After that, they should be bootable at a temperature of +16 degrees. This will help the stalk to become stronger, and the sprouts will not go up.

The greenhouse should be sufficient enough, and soil feud in time. For the period of cultivation, the Earth should periodically loose and water.

Growing cucumbers

To grow seedlings of cucumbers, seeds should first moisten, then warm up for 2-2,5 hours at a temperature of +50 degrees, then land in a peat pot. This vegetable culture grows best at temperatures from +22 to +25 degrees and with sufficiently high humidity (80%). The land after loosening is poured by mineral and organic fertilizers. Seedlings under such conditions will be ready for landing after 30 days.

Tomato cultivation

Tomato seedlings feel better at an average of +25 degrees. In this case, the humidity must be relatively low (up to 60-65%). If this indicator is large, they may suffer from phytophors. It is not necessary to feed the sprouts. As for watering, it should be carried out strictly under the root and only cool water. Tomato seedlings need to harden. To do this, it should be periodically tired of the greenhouse, but only so that the temperature does not fall below +12 degrees.

Cabbage cultivation

Each view of the cabbage requires different landing conditions. So, the white cabbage is sifted after February 1, and seedlings are planted, starting from April 1. For the successful cultivation of white cabbage, a sublinous dense loose land is required, with manure. At the same time, sprouts should often watered. Sprouts are distinguished by cold resistance, but before germination, you still need to maintain the temperature of +20 degrees. After that, it can be reduced to +10. It will not only save on heating, but also to temper the sprouts.

As for cauliflower, it requires abundant organic fertilizer. Therefore, the seeds are embedded in peat cubes. This is done on March 1. Cauliflower feels well at a temperature of +16 degrees. It can be easily maintained in the greenhouse.

Beijing cabbage grows at +17 degrees. Its seeds germinate well under the condition of generous irrigation. After about 20 days, they can be planted on the site. This is one of the earliest cabbage.

Growing flowers

Seeding annual colors is unpretentious, it can be planted at any stage of growth. In other cases, some tips should be used.

So, Sage landed 1 sprout in a pot in early March, and transplant to the ground in June.
Astra is a resistant plant and withstands the temperature to -1 degrees.
Petunia and Flox sit in the ground in early March.

Care for sediers

Seedlings can be grown to the maximum month. During this time, it needs to be constantly careful. So, the temperature regime is important - during the day at least 22, and at night no more than 17 degrees. If it is too hot, then you can open the window. Only at the same time, air flows should not fall on the plant. The first feeding of seedlings should be obtained when two real leaves appear.

It feels seedlings with a solution of 2 teaspoons of deposits of nitroammofoski and nitroposki with 3 liters of water. Watering should be once a week in the morning. In this case, the water temperature is usually about 23 degrees.

To provide an additional heating seedlings and protect the shooters from frosts, it is possible to fix the nonwoven material on the skeleton. It is also allowed to hang over hanging cornices. To strengthen growth, it is possible to put a barrel with manure or grass in the angle, which in fermentation will highlight useful carbon dioxide. To strengthen the roots and prevent the soil overheating, it is recommended to cover it with grass. Last grass can also be used as a fertilizer.

To harde the seedlings, it is necessary that the temperature is attended about 18 degrees. At the same time, the film is removed first for 15 minutes and every day the hardening time is gradually increasing. For 6-7 days before planning in the greenhouse, it is recommended to maintain the temperature close to the external one.