Tomato is one of the most popular vegetables on our table. It is unlikely that there is such a gardener who would not grow tomatoes, because they are one of the main ingredients for many dishes. Contemporary gardeners are available dozens of different varieties of this culture, each of which has its own unique properties.
Culture characteristics
All varieties of tomatoes can be divided into 2 main groups:
- Tall (intenerminant).
- Still (determinant).
The latter are most often grown on open soils, where there are no problems with the sowing area, and, accordingly, it makes no sense to shoot up. Tall varieties on the contrary are used when growing in greenhouses, where it is necessary to achieve maximum yield from 1 square meter. m. Square.
It is about the lowest tomato varieties that will go further.
All varieties of this group are divided into three subgroups:
- Determined.
- Semidenerminants.
- Superdermant.
Simple words, the first subgroup is the highest varieties of culture. The height of plants of this subgroup does not exceed 1.2 m. They are ideal for growing in the open ground. Semi-tech varieties reach a height of up to 1.3 m. Superderman varieties of tomatoes are the lowest. A bush plants does not exceed 1 meter. The main advantage of such varieties is their strength. In most cases, only a few bushes are planted to get early fruits. Their feature is that the fruits on all plants ripen almost simultaneously. However, after that, useful wounds on plants are not formed.
Varieties of early low tomatoes
The lowest types of tomatoes are represented by a large amount of varieties that differ from each other of the size of the fetus, their color, the size of the bush.
The most popular varieties among large-scale tomatoes of the landlocked group are:
- "Chosen".
- "Winnie the Pooh".
- "Hermitage Museum".
- "Rajah".
The most common hybrid varieties are:
- "Simone".
- Torbay.
- "Dressing".
Recently acquired a great popularity of tomato varieties recently. They are mainly used for canning or for designing various dishes. Such varieties as "Boni-M", the fruits of which are distinguished by bright red, "raisins" or "salute" with yellow fruits, well established themselves as a garden culture.
How to grow early tomatoes. Preparing seedlings
To achieve good results from low-core tomatoes, it is necessary to clearly comply with the recommendations for their cultivation. In our climatic conditions, the method of growing plants from seedlings is most preferable. At the same time, the onset of warm sustainable weather you will have a landing material, which will allow to get early fruits.
The most important points in the cultivation of seedlings are the correct selection of soil and seeds. The following recommendations are guaranteed to help avoid problems and prepare high-quality planting material.
Seeds are better to buy in proven and specialized stores, this will serve as a guarantee that you will not get a fake. No, this does not mean that the plant will not grow out of fake seeds, however, what quality will be fruit, no one can guarantee. Pay attention to the packaging. It should be specified variety, manufacturer, number of seeds, manufacturing date. It is not worth buying a sewn material whose shelf life has expired.
Typically, seeds do not need special training before sowing, however, to protect against diseases, they can be soaked in a solution of manganese or hydrogen peroxide. For this, the solution should be warm (25-30 ° C). The procedure is carried out directly before sowing for half an hour.
Recently, the bubbling procedure has been popular. It is in saturation of seed oxygen before sowing. Conduct it at home will not be difficult. Place the seeds in a small container with water, lower the air compressor tube, such as used in the aquariums. After 20, a 30-minute procedure, the seeds dried and sow. You can use growth stimulants. To do this, the stimulant solution is soaked by planting material.
Soil for growing seedlings should be special. It should have enough organic substances to ensure normal growth. Organic compositions can be used as fertilizer. Moisturize the soil as needed. If possible, it is better to purchase prepared soil. In this case, it will be possible to avoid a large number of problems.
In medium latitudes, seeds are produced, as a rule, at the end of March - early April. Then the seeding feud will be able to strengthen enough.
Procedure of Growing:
- It is possible to plant seeds as in separate containers (there is a plastic glass of 0.5 liters with a volume of 0.5 liters. Since the tomato seeds are quite large, they can be seated without any problems one by one. For convenience, you can use tweezers.
- After sowing, the seeds "cover" the layer of soil with a thickness of approximately 1 cm. And a little moisturizes. Make it better from the pulverizer.
- Next, the seedlings put in a small greenhouse. They can perform an old box that is covered with a film. It is removed as soon as the first shoots appear. After that, the container with the seedle is exposed to a bright place, and watered as needed.
- It is advisable to organize tomatoes an additional backlight, if there is no such possibility, it is necessary to reduce watering and feeding the seedlings during rainy days.
Picking seedlings
One of the main conditions of normal growth and future yield of tomatoes is to dive shooting. Conduct this procedure after the second real sheet appears in the seedlings. This procedure is concluded in transplanting tomatoes into a larger capacity. After this operation, the root system of tomatoes becomes more powerful, which is very important for low-spirited tomatoes.
Mandatory picking is if the seeds were originally planted not to individual pots, but in a common box. In this case, this operation will help avoid the plexus of the roots and facilitates the transplantation of plants into open ground. Also, picking can be useful in infecting seedlings with various diseases, it will help save more healthy plants.
In the case of multiple seedlings when there are no suitable conditions on the outdoor soil, the picking is carried out to slow down its growth.
The picking of low-spirited tomatoes is carried out in two ways:
- Transfer. This method is to move only the plants in another soil.
- Turning. In this case, the plant moves along with the initial soil.
Growing early tomato
Before disembarking, you need to choose the most suitable area. It should be paid to the crop rotation. Tomatoes grow perfectly after cucumbers, cabbage, carrots, greenery. It is not desirable to plant tomatoes in the same place for the second year in a row, as well as after early potatoes, pepper and eggplant.
If necessary, the soil is murdered and fertile. Tomatoes respond very well to organic fertilizers. The selected plot fertilize potassium and nitrogen fertilizers, as well as organic mixtures. Do it better in autumn or early spring. Wood ash will be superfluous. It will be able to normalize the acidic alkaline balance of the soil and make potassium into it.
Many are interested when planting early tomatoes. Planting seedlings into open soil is carried out only when the average daily temperature exceeds + 12⁰s. Tomatoes are very poorly tolerated the decrease in temperature and can just die. The landing is carried out either early in the morning or in the evening when the activity of the Sun will fall. The seedlings are planted in the holes at a depth of no more than 10 cm at a distance of at least 30 cm. In the dug hole poured about 0.5 liters of water, waiting until she "leaves", in the softening grounds gently stick a seedling and sprinkled with soil. Then the water poured a little.
Water seedlings as needed in reasonable limits. When watering, it is necessary to remember that this plant can not be watering from above. Finding on the surface of the sheet, moisture can cause a disease of seedlings. After 2-3 weeks of growth, low-spirited tomatoes are plunged, leaving a trench in a heaten, into which water is poured.
Tomato garter
Some gardeners argue that low-speed tomatoes do not need a support. However, most experts agree that this operation is still necessary. The fact is that the fruits of tomato can create a large pressure on its shoots that with strong wind can cause a stem stem.
The garter can be carried out in two ways:
- Individual post. At a short distance from the root in the ground, a wooden or metal rod is inserted, to which 1-2 sections of matter fastened the stalk of the plant.
- Trellis. At the end of each of the rows, two supports are installed, between which the wire is tuned. It is tested by plants.
Diseases and pests of low-spirited tomatoes
The most frequent diseases of tomatoes, including low, are:
- Phytoofluorosis.
- Tobacco mosaic.
- Brown spotty.
- Vertex rot.
- Fungal lesions.
The most common cause of tomato disease is the lack of heat and sunlight. This problem is particularly acute in northern latitudes, as the Tomato - Southern Vegetable, then its cultivation in the open soil leads to such diseases. Prevent diseases can be performed by all recommendations for cultivation, timely weeping and watering.
From the pests, the most tomatoes do snails and caterpillars.
Tomatoes early lowered: photo
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