A tomato. Landing, growing and care

Tomato is the most common culture in the garden, but not as it is simple, as it seems at first glance. Only having certain skills, you can grow in your site a rich harvest from different varieties of tomato.

Tomatov varieties

For tomatoes, varieties are a lot. All of them are divided into three groups:

1. Pleets - they grow constantly and can reach three meters in height, so their stems are tied to vertical sticks. This type of tomatoes fruits appear evenly throughout the season.
2. Seventerminants are an intermediate type of plant, which has a well-developed side shoots, at the end of which maritime.
3. White - they are more compact, they have a lot of small shoots on the side, at the end of which have fruits. Such bushes remove only the lowest shoots. They are often grown in containers or baskets, they love them those who are engaged in greenhouse cultures. Fruit the bush is short, but massively with a large harvest, so they are well sued in the regions where a short summer.
4. Old varieties - the oldest types of tomatoes are becoming increasingly popular, which were in demand before the emergence of hybridization in the middle of the last century. They are preferred to plant those who seek "naturalness" food. We multiply such tomatoes with seeds collected last year from the same tomatoes. Fruits may have not the most ideal forms, but they are fragrant and tasty. Examples of varieties can be viewed in the photo of the tomato.

Different varieties of tomato differ in taste. Some of them can eat almost with the bush, threw it on the table, and some are suitable only for salting. Tomatoes for salting have dense fruits and small sizes. Also small must be tomatoes for preservation. Large fruits from salad varieties, they are delicious in fresh form. There are also sauce varieties of tomatoes, whose seeds are freely floating in juice.

Growing seedlings

Before growing tomatoes, you need to think for what purposes they need you. If you are going to grow fruit not for sale, but for myself, then for a family of four it will be enough to put twenty seedlings. Experienced gardeners give such valuable advice:

1. Calculate the date when you plan to plant seedlings into the soil, take 60 days from it and sow seeds these days.
2. You can plant one and a half-month seedlings in the garden, but then the crop will have to wait a little longer.
3. Before sowing, tomato seeds need to be put into a mortar of manganese, then rinse them under running water and add growth regulator, for example, "Epinoma Extra". Then, there will be a high percentage of seeds.
4. The soil in which the seedlings will be planted should be loose and soft, filled with all the necessary minerals. Soil can be done how to prepare themselves and purchase in the store.
5. Seying seeds need to be in the soil on a centimeter in depth. If you go deeper, then the seeds will be bad, and if not deep, then at Semilytola can stay seed peel, and she will prevent growth.
6. An early spring on the windowsill may not have enough sunlight, and it will begin to pull out to be avoided, you need to temper watering and feeding, and reduce the temperature. The stringement will be a tomato "diet" and cool air, the stronger the seedlings you will succeed. The optimal temperature for seeds is 25 degrees, for the first germs - 18 degrees, after the seedlings turn 10 days -22 degrees with the sun and 18 degrees in rarely weather, and at night - 15 degrees.
7. If the container with a seedler stands on the windowsill, then it must be separated by any material with thermal insulation, because it is very important that the roots of the tomato are always warm.
8. After the seedlings of the second sheet, they need to transplanted from a general capacity to a separate pot or a cup, whose volume, about half a liter. If the pot is near a liter volume, then you can plant two seedlings into it.
9. Proper to water tomatoes are not ordinary tap water, but a nutrient mixture. For her cooking you need to buy any complex fertilizer for vegetable crops and dilute with water according to the instructions. The ratio of potassium and nitrogen content must be 2: 1. If the weather is cloudy, then water seedlings need not more often a couple of times a week, if it is hot, then 1-2 times a day.
10. Ideal can be called seedlings, which has good roots, saturated green leaves. When the first flowers are formed, and the leaves are already 7 pieces, the seedlings need to be replanted.

Transplanting

If the weather was already improving the weather and no frost, then you can start planting a tomato. Before that, you need to make them place where they will grow and not hating, leave them for a couple of days. Thus, they are easier acclimatized. Place a bottle of tomatoes correctly:

1. Tall varieties need to be planted in two rows, with a distance between the beds of a half-meter, and as much between plants on one bed.
2. Sorted varieties can be planted after 40 cm.
3. Dwarf varieties can be destroyed by 1 square meters. m. The landing of 8 plants is allowed.

The land for tomato is preparing in advance, in the fall, it is stirred with a compost, you can also add wood ash and eggs from eggs. Tomatoes love when the soil is fertilized with nitrogen with potassium, and we grow well in a slightly alkaline soil. And if the garden is warm before landing, then the seedlings will grow much faster. Before planting plants, you need to put the backups to which tomatoes will be tied in the future. It is necessary to plant plants deeply, to the first leaflets, and if the plants are elongated, then to the second leaves and third, the stalks are needed to gently put in a circle in the pit. At such a tomato roots will be pretty strong.
When the seedlock is well rooted and accepted to grow, a turn will come to form a bush. Site from the side of the tomato should be quenched, and in the cold climate, the lower sheets of the bush before each formed by the ovary are. In the bush can be 4 sheets and this is enough for photosynthesis and proper nutrition. In addition, this kind of bush will provide air circulation and sunlight and reduce the risk of fungal lesions. The crop will be early and abundant, because the plant has all the energy will be fruitful.
If the weather is saved in the regions in the summer for a long time, it's better not to cut a bush, because the leaves in this case will guard the fruits from overheating and sunburn. When the brush of tomato is already stopped fruit, then you can remove extra leaves, and the brush itself too.

Care for tomatoes

Bushes Tomato do not care very often, but it is necessary to do it abundantly and under the root. So a good branched root system will be formed. If we water often and a lot, then the surface roots will develop, the taste of fruits will be watery, they will crack and break off the branches. Mushroom lesions may appear. If you water unevenly and a little, then the soil will dispel and, as a result, tomatoes will crack and the vertex rot is formed. During watering, make sure that the water does not get into fruit and the trunk, otherwise the fungus will appear. Perfect watering - drip.
In addition to the right watering, for good crop tomatoes you need to fertilize correctly:

1. From the moment of picking seedlings and before the appearance of the first flowers, it is necessary to feed the plant with a complete complex of mineral fertilizers.
2. After the first fruits appear on the bush, you need to increase potassium content in fertilizer.
3. A wonderful fertilizer for the tomato is the extract from algae.

The temperature of 15 to 30 degrees is ideal for growth and fruiting of tomatoes. If the temperature is below the specified, then the growth of the plant will slow down, if higher, then they will start "stove". During the formation of the flower, it is important that the straight rays of the sun fall on the plant, and when the fruits are already forming, you need to protect them from the bright sun. To do this, you can use special meshes with dimming, which will absorb a certain percentage of sunlight. To make a lot of fruits, and they have grown up with high-quality, the bustard should be warm and moderately wet.
The air should freely move past the bushes and tomato fruits, so they will be more resistant to diseases. If you grow tomatoes in a greenhouse, then it is necessary to ventilate it, and put fans in the heat.

Crop pollination and storage

For pollination, the bee is not needed, this is self-polling culture. It produces so many pollen that it pollinates itself and also neighboring bushes. But to guarantee the formation of a large amount of fruits, a bush can be shaken during flowering, while carefully holding it for the trunk. This procedure can be done in a couple of days.
To attract insects that are pollinated by tomatoes, you can land brightly trees between rows between rows. Most often, the velets and the monazh are planted, as well as basil. According to experts, their task is not only to attract bees and butterflies, but also affect the taste of mature fruits.

At that moment, when the fruits on the bush are completely ripe, and shine appeared on them, you can collect tomatoes. If for some reason you need to collect vegetables before, you can disrupt their brown, and put in a fruit vase or in a paper bag, they will divert. But in the refrigerator, it is not worth keeping a harvest, in the cold tomatoes do not divert, and the taste of them will deteriorate. It is better to put them among apples at room temperature. Be sure to tail down, so as not to spoil the flesh.