Cranberry cultivation: subtleties of landing and care

Cranberries is a storehouse of vitamins and trace elements, its low-calorie fruits and contain a small amount of sugar, fats and carbohydrates. Cranberry use in the daily diet reduces cholesterol content in the blood, in addition, it has soothing properties and kills bacteria. Oncologists believe that cranberry berries slow down the growth of cancer cells, since it contains a large amount of antioxidants, and vitamin B, which in combination with flavonoids is quickly absorbed by the body, improves the memory and has a beneficial effect on the elasticity of vessels. The cranberry with honey is treated with cough and cold, besides this, it is a powerful natural antibiotic. The berries of this plant are not recommended to use people suffering from an ulcer of the stomach or a duodenal disease. Shrubs of this plant initially wildly and only in the 19th century its ochullation began. Breeders then brought out beautiful large-scale cranberry varieties, which are grown in household sections.

Cranberry: varieties and peculiarities

1. The benzoic acid contained in the cranberry provides a berry of good storage, in addition, it is resistant to fungus and various kinds of bacteria. A berry measuring about 24 mm has a bright color and a porous structure, unlike soft wild cranberries, in addition it is much sweeter, so it can be used without sugar.
2. Cranberry has four types:

• large garden;
• wild marsh;
• four-board berry;
• small-shaped.

3. Successes in Brevy Selection achieved American, Polish and Belarusian specialists. The most popular are the varieties of American breeding, and the largest swamp berry is from domestic species.
4. This plant is winter-hardy and perfectly adapts to any habitat. Therefore, many gardeners without much difficulty grow this useful berry in their sites. It is convenient, useful and much more pleasant than to collect the berry in the forest.
5. Gardening plant of large-scale varieties will delight fans of forest berries. In diameter, such a cranberry reaches up to 2 cm. Berries have a saturated scarlet color and contain a large amount of benzoic acid.
6. In addition to weather endurance and unpretentiousness, cranberries has a high yield. A small plantation in size in 3 m² will give such a quantity of harvest, which with interest will provide their own needs, and even for the sale will remain.
7. Cranberry berries are in great demand, it is always in the market in the price. Rich vitamins, it is used in avitaminosis and colds, it takes slags and heavy metals from the body, and also slows down the aging processes.
8. The country of the bush consider the countries of North America. The berry managed to adapt and in our latitudes, despite the more severe climate and clear seasonality of the plant shrubs feel great and continue to be fruit.
9. Cranberry successfully grows not only on favorable soils, but also on sandy and even on sour. Americans and Europeans are engaged in the cultivation of cranberries more than two hundred years. For successful growth and increase fertility, it creates favorable greenhouse conditions on specially prepared plantations.
10. In Russia, cranberry fruits are also successfully growing. The most favorable for her is the climate and land of Karelia, St. Petersburg region and Kostroma. On plantations, each season is collected up to 11 tons of berries with 1 hectare of land. Under the compliance with the rules of agricultural engineering, gardeners have the opportunity to collect rich cranberry harvest annually.
11. The main requirement for the soil is its acidity, ideally, it should fluctuate from 3 to 4.5 pp. However, this is not the only requirement. Since the cranberries is a bog, she needs sufficient humidity for good growth.
12. To cranberry love your garden, you will have to work hard. In order to provide her favorable conditions, it is necessary to conduct careful training of the site. Efforts will not disappear for nothing, the plant will thank you with a generous harvest, which will provide all the seven polivitamins for the entire winter. In addition, the sale of excess of fruits is in our time a good earnings. You can make a profit not only by selling the berry itself, but also for the sale of seedlings that are not less demand.
13. The bush cranberry is not afraid of frosts, it is not capricious with proper care, but still it is possible to get a good harvest, only creating a special microclimate on the site.
14. The plant does not require frequent transplant, it carries out and fruits in one and the same place for more than a dozen years. When planning a site for growing cranberries Sadovaya consider this circumstance.
15. Despite its unpretentiousness, the cranberry does not endure droughts, so close-based soil waters will be promoted to successful cultivation. The presence of such places you have on the site if possible, use under the planting of cranberries. Such a favorable circumstance will help you regularly get a good harvest with minimal care costs. The minimum distance to groundwater for swamp cranberries should be about 30 - 35 cm, and for alignment of garden varieties - at least 40 - 45 cm.
16. A favorable soil for the plant is a loamy and sampling, as well as soil with increased acidity. On this basis, the berry confidently feels and pleases the owners of fertility.
17. In addition to moisture, like any fruit plant, cranberry berries for ripening and sweetness are needed sunlight. And the more it will be, the more fruit will be sweeter. For this, the site can be placed among the trees or shrubs under the outdoor sun.
18. Cranberry is an evergreen plant, it will delight bright greens all year round.

Preparing

1. If you decide to grow a bush cranberry, first of all be engaged in the preparation of the plantation. Spending time and effort in the preparation stage are directly dependent on the type of soil on the site and its condition. Minimal effort will require soil rich in peat, with closely spaced groundwater or water bodies. For such a sufficient portion of conventional loosening and weeding. To improve the soil, you can add river sand.
2. If the soil is not favorable for plant growth, you must perform the following activities:

• mark a bed size 140h400 cm - is the optimum size for a bush, but not necessarily stick to it, it is important to ensure free access to the plants;
• remove 30 - 40 cm of the top layer of fertile soil;
• if a fertile bed clay, remove another 10 cm;
• further, it is necessary to enrich the soil with a mixture of peat or upland and lowland mineral in the ratio 1: 2 - 2 parts 1 part peat land;
• along the perimeter of the pit bead set which should protrude above the surface 20 - 25 cm;
• at the bottom of the pit pour drainage layer of 10 cm, and the top laid apertured film preventing stagnation of water;
• film is laid on the compost from shredded branches, leaves and grass in admixture with sand in the ratio 3: 1;
• well this weight add horse manure and the same rotted sawdust;
• laid top soil layer, a mixture of peat and fresh sawdust conifers;
• further, it is necessary zamulchirovat surface of sand and moss, pine needles and sawdust.

3. The board will protect young plants from weeds and spread peat throughout the site. As they can be used slate, or rubber film, some artisans adapted old baths, troughs or similar containers, their digged and used in the form of stationary containers. This kind of water-resistant foundation for the preservation of soil moisture.
4. As a good harvest of cranberries can be obtained only in acidic soils, to support the acidity needed each year to add to the soil area with cranberries bait in a mixture of peat with pine sawdust, as well as regularly and abundantly watered land.

Growing seedlings of large-fruited cranberry

1. 2 known popular varieties of this fruit of the plant - a large-fruited cranberry marsh, which is grown as an industrial method and country houses.
2. Gardeners are recommended to buy seedlings grown in nurseries or on the gardeners of knowledgeable gardeners. Since modern methods of agrotechnics are used in the professional plant growth medium, ensuring further purity of the planting material.
3. Cranberry seedlings are divided by age into three categories:

• young - from 7 to 9 months;
• one-year plants;
• adult plants, age more than 2 years.

4. The planting material is sold either in special containers or in small transport pots.
5. Younger plants are cheaper and well rooted, while two-year seedlings be fron down much faster, but they are getting worse.
6. In order not to expect fruiting years, it is better to buy adult seedlings with a closed root system.

Landing cranberry seedlings and care

1. May month is the most favorable period for planting plant seedlings. The soil must be prepared in advance: enriched with fossil with increased acidity, to be explosion and sufficiently moistened.
2. When landing, the diameter of the well should slightly exceed the diameter of the container in which the sapling grew.
3. Carefully taking out a plant from emervious tank, it is important to keep the land for landing. Further, the root must be placed in the hole, pour, pour out the earth and inspired. As a rule, when fulfilling all requirements, the seedlings are good and quickly coming up.
4. Watering the cranberry should be absolutely, you can not allow the soil drying. Gardeners are recommended once a week to fuel cranberries, and then cover the soil with a thick layer of mulch.
5. If the weather is more than 2 days worth it is hot, you need to water shrubs daily, and if it is too angry - moisturize the soil is preferably in the morning and in the evening. However, it is important not to overdo it in this case, at least cranberries and loves water very much, the mooring can be destructive for it.
6. In the subsequent cranberry, it is important to pour in a timely manner and water regularly.
7. During the vegetation, the plants need to be fed twice a month. For feeding, a complex of mineral fertilizers is usually used, and watering produce acidified water. This can be done with citric acid. For this, 1 tsp. Acids need to be divorced in 3 liters of irrigation water. You can also use a table vinegar: 100 ml on 10 liters of water.
8. If during the preparation, the seedling plot was prepared according to the rules, the fertilizers can be added to the ground only after 2 to 3 years after the first landing.
9. In the first 3 years, only weak and underdeveloped shoots are removed during pruning. In the future, all sharpening horizontal branches should also be deleted. Such trimming will provide good yield and better nutrition to fruiting kidney, and will also make it possible to form a larger fruit. Such manipulations can be made both in spring and autumn.
10. In the area where there is no snow winters of the plant before the onset of cold weather, it is necessary to pour well and flood with a thick layer of loose peat. This layer of fossils will serve as a reliable shelter of soil and roots, and will provide good nutrition for the next year. It is not necessary to rake him in the spring, it does not prevent plants to grow freely.
11. You can also protect the soil and roots of the plant from freezing and more original way. When frost in 5 C, cranberries are abundantly watered with water and give it to freeze, the procedure is repeated several times, until the whole vegetative part is covered with a cry of ice. Such protection allows plants to be safely overwhelmed. With spring thawing, excess water should be launched, in order to avoid the formation of mold.
12. To cover the cranberry can also be a thick layer of snow or fallen leaves. No dense material to cover plants for the winter can not.
13. Some gardeners fertilize the cranberry by manure, chicken litter or compost. These feeders use for cultivation of cranberries.
14. Over time, the bushes grow up, and the landing area becomes too thickened. In the spring and autumn, sharpening shoots of such plants must be trimmed. Then the berries will get more sunlight and will be larger.
15. Vintage from one cranberry shrub can be collected about 50 years.

Cranberry reproduction with cuttings and seeds

The branches of the plant are short and shake on the ground. Such shoots are perfectly rooted by themselves. Separating the rooted sprouts, they are growing either on a permanent site, or separately in a specially prepared pot.

Reproduction of cuttings

1. Cranberry can be multiplied with cuttings. For this, the garden is prepared and mulched with wet sand. Then the cuttings are planted and covered with a film for greenhouses, watered regularly. When landing, the cranberry deepens at least 2/3 of its length.
2. For drawing, horizontal shoots are most often used, which are cut in April and stored until mid-May in a cool place. The most favorable storage medium for storing - 0 C.
3. It is important that the ends of the roots of cranberries are not confused, so when folding, the upper shoots connect with the upper, and the bottom with the bottom.
4. The cuttings are better to take up to 20 cm long, but it is possible and 5 - 10 cm. Long stalks, of course, are suitable better and give a good increase in about 20 - 25 cm per season.
5. It is best to multiply the cranberry with cuttings in April, when there are no heat, and the soil retains moisture after the snow melted. After about 3 weeks, the cuttings will be allowed roots and side shoots, and in a year - intensive growth will begin to branch and continue. Mass flowering and fruiting will come only after 5 years.
6. The first years after landing the berry needs good feeding to start rapid growth. When cranberries begin to be fruit, it will no longer need care and care. For high bushes, it is much easier to care.

Reproduction of seeds

1. Cranberries grown from seed does not preserve varietal qualities and can serve as a decorative plant.
2. Vintage from such a plant can be expected no earlier than in 5 years without any guarantees for the result. Such shoots require special care, and the seeds must pass a 3-month stratification at a temperature of +30 C. Seedlings require close care, attention and patience until the first harvest.
3. Compared to planting seedlings, this option is more time consuming and long enough to quickly get the result.