Who sometimes do not want to taste fragrant and delicious white mushrooms. Any dish they turn into a royal treat! But in the shops of fresh white mushrooms in the afternoon, they do not find fire with fire, and they sell them in the market only in the fall. By the way, the cost of this valuable product is impressive - this is one of the most expensive "domestic" mushrooms. For these reasons, many gardeners are solved on the cultivation of white mushrooms at home or on the site. If you want to open your small mushroom business or just to be trapped with fragrant dishes at any time of the year, this article will be useful to you. Today we will talk about how to grow white mushrooms.
Specificity of cultivation
The cultivation of a white mushroom in large volumes often does not pay off, so small "mushroom farms" are mainly belonging to private gardeners. The main difficulty lies in the close interaction of white mushrooms and certain species of trees, and such conditions are quite difficult to recreate in the factory conditions. Another thing is your own small plot or a separate room. White mushrooms "Friends" with coniferous trees, oaks and birch. They feel great in mixed young landings or shady spruces.
Not so long ago, Dutch breeders were able to remove special white mushrooms that can be grown in greenhouses, greenhouses and other rooms with an artificial medium. Having bought such a planting material, everyone can become a horticultural mushroom. However, not everyone can cope with the specifics of the breeding of a white mushroom. This work requires careful preparation and great patience.
There are two cultivation technologies:
- Extensive - breeding in vivo (forest, plot, open air). The most economical and easy way, however, the yield strongly depends on weather conditions.
- Intensive - creation of an artificial habitat. This method requires essential financial investments, highlighting a special room with climatic equipment. The yield with proper care will be consistently high, and the rapid pattern of ripening of mushrooms will allow to return the tools spent in a short time.
Preparatory work
Today, many methods of preparation of planting material are practiced, but we will look at the simplest and more efficient. According to the first way, white mushrooms can be multiplied using maternal hats.
It is necessary to plant the material from the hats under the species of trees, near which they were collected. That is, if you raised the mushroom under the pine, then it is necessary to sow disputes under the pile (a special relationship with the trees that we mentioned). Hats are soaked in a weak solution of mangartage and rainwater in the ratio of 1 g of manganese on the water bucket. One bucket will fit from 10 to 15 caps with a diameter of up to 20 cm. If you failed to get large beautiful mushrooms, you can take snacks and even diesel pieces.
Useful advice: Put in the water also about 10 sugar cubes to create a saturated environment.
When the caps are in solution, frow them with their hands so that the disputes are evenly mixed in the water. Massage until the bucket does not form a knife formed a homogeneous mass. After that, you can leave a mess. Frankly for several hours.
The second method of preparing the fungal mixture is slightly complicated. It must be prepared about a month before the dispute landing. This mixture should include leaves and overloading oak wood 5%, horse manure. Place the leaves with mushrooms and manure in the bucket with layers every 20 cm, after which wepace with a solution of 1% ammonia nitrate and leave for a week. Then hear the contents of the bucket up to 36-40C and swallow everything into a homogeneous nutrient mass.
For the cultivation of a white mushroom at home, both methods can be used. The main thing is to adhere to the general principles. In second place in importance after the preparation of mycelium, the preparing the substrate, in which it will need to be treated. Here there are also two methods - xerothermal (dry steam processing) and hydrothermal (wet treatment of boiling water). The main task of both options is to impregnate the substrate with the maximum amount of moisture, while maintaining air permeability.
The air permeability of the substrate is extremely important - without this, the fungi cannot fully develop and will be constantly at risk of infection with mold. The substrate can consist of straw, sunflower husks, buckwheat cereals, dry corn stems, etc. Highly popular solid solid products are very popular, but starting best with straw or husk.
Important: The substrate must be dry, without mold and rot. Try not to overeat it, especially if you chose a hydrothermal processing method. If the water still happened too much, leave the substrate in a suspended state for 2-3 days to the glasses of excess moisture.
After processing the substrate should be chopped so that it can, like a sponge, retain moisture. The high-quality substrate springs from pressing, but does not highlight moisture - then you can safely put mycelium into it.
Useful advice
Since more and more amateurs gardeners begins to grow growing mushrooms, unscrupulous sellers can play on the inexperience of their customers and give the poor-quality goods.
In order not to get to him, follow our advice:
- Before buying mycelium, consult with experienced mushrooms and ask where you can find a proven seller.
- It is best to deal with foreign suppliers and buy trial lots of goods in small quantities.
- When buying, specify the grade and strain of the mushroom.
- Find out the rates of fracturing the grains how much mushroom is resistant to mold.
- Learn storage time.
- Be sure to check the temperature inside the package, because if mycelium overheated during delivery, it could perish. The optimal temperature is + 20c.
- Mycelium must be rich red-colored with minor yellow splashes. If black or greenish stains can be seen on it and an unpleasant ammonium smell comes, it means that the goods are spoiled.
- After the purchase, keep mycelium in the refrigerator at a temperature not more than 3-4C (not to put in the freezer). In such conditions, it may be contained up to 3 months, and in the form of a substrate - from 6 to 9 months.
- Immediately after purchase, cool the packages with mycelium, and then fold, leaving access to oxygen.
- It is very important before bookmarking the cooled mycelium frozen right in the package without getting it from there. Otherwise, planting material can get the temperature shock and spoil.
- Understand the maximum sterility when working with disputes - put on the gloves, but the surface of the glue, before opening the package, treat it with an antimicrobial agent.
We offer to look for a useful video about the cultivation of white mushrooms and all the intricacies of this process:
Growing at home
To begin with, consider how to breed white mushrooms in an artificial environment, that is, at home, in a barn or greenhouse. The whole process consists of several stages: the preparation of the planting material, the processing of the substrate and the preparation of the room.
The substrate material must be boiled for 60-80 minutes (you can not remove from polyethylene bags), then drain the water and put the substrate under the genomp, where it will cool to the temperature of 25c. If you boiled it in bags, you can not open them, but simply make several holes for water drain. When the substrate is cooled, transfer it to a sterile room, where the preparation of mycelium took place (for this it is enough to treat the room with 1% chlorine solution). Place mycelium into the substrate when the ventilation system is turned off (if there is such) so that the disputes do not scatter. Doors and windows should also close.
Pour the substrate and mycelium on the disinfected table and mix them. If you bought a domestic planting material, it should be 3-5% of the total mass of the substrate, if imported - 1.5-2.5%. Place the graft substrate in bags of 5-15 kg, the tightness of it is as dense. For home cultivation, it is better to take smaller bags to make it easier to adjust the temperature inside. It remains only to flatten the bags from one side and make some small holes around to ensure air flow.
Useful Tip: Package Perforations Better to do an acute chisel or knife at an angle of 45 ° and no more than 5 mm long.
If you do everything according to the instructions, the mushrooms will grow with dense fragments with an abundance of fruit bodies. To make a shortage of smaller sizes, shift in suction packages "check mark" or "cross" to a depth of a couple of millimeters.
Important: When you install bags on incubation shelves, make sure that the ventilation holes on the sides overlap with a wall or adjacent bags. Air must freely pass from all sides, so keeping the minimum of 5 cm between blocks.
It is very important to maintain a constant comfortable temperature for growing white mushrooms to + 25c (inside the bag, while the temperature will be slightly higher - to + 30 ° C). If it becomes hotter + 30s, the mushrooms will receive heat shock and may not exist.
Ventilation during cultivation is very important, but during the Incubation of mycelium does not follow the room. And so that due to high humidity, mold was not formed, take cleaning with chlorine solution every day. After 3 weeks, the incubation period will end, the mushrooms will warm and begin to be fruit.
The first wave of fruiting starts in about a month, and at this time it is necessary to constantly maintain high humidity in the room 85-95%. Adjusting the temperature in the range from + 10c to + 20c, you can "paint" hats of mushrooms. The hotter, the brighter the hat. Taste quality remains unchanged. The lighting is also reflected in appearance - the lighter in the incubator, the darker mushrooms.
Useful advice: In order for mushrooms to get dense and not watery, spend the "dry" watering blocks using a pulverizer 1-2 times a day. The temperature of the water should be from + 10c to + 25c. At this stage, it is just necessary to ventilate the room well so that the moisture is not stored.
In 2-3 weeks after the first crop comes the second wave of fruiting. Before this, remove the remaining legs and beat the mushroom bags, pulling out the moldy rooms (of which it turns out excellent organic fertilizer). With proper care, white mushrooms will be fruit up to 6 months without breaks, however, if you grow them for sale, then focus on the first 2 waves.
Outdoor Growing
If you have our own plot with suitable trees (pines, birch or oaks), you can grow white mushrooms on the street. As we prepare the seating mixture, we described above, and to prepare a place to land, it is necessary in 1 m from the selected tree to remove the earth layer to the depth of 15 cm. Follow the roots of the tree are damaged!
It is enough to slightly ignite the roots and pour the sowing material on them in an amount of about 350 ml per 25 cm². Put the pit with the soil, water with water (5-6 buckets under one tree), but keep care, so as not to blur the land with mycelium. It is best to quietly pour water on the trunk. Looking out disputes in this way at the end of the summer or at the very beginning of autumn until mid-September.
The second method is a bit more complicated, but no less effective. For it, a mixture of mycelium with oak leaves and horse manual, the recipe of which is described above. Choose a shaded pad and dig a small hammering depth of 30 cm and 1,5 m wide. Load a mixture with layers of 10 cm by layers, alternating with the ground so that in the end it turns out a high bed (30 cm in the ground and 20 cm above the Earth). It is better to make a bed in the form of a lowered holly, so that the water can flow freely and not stagnant.
The planting of the fungi should be made in a chess order, laying it into small holes at least 30 cm. To prepare the fragments, gently cut down the shovel of the soil around the mushroom with an area of \u200b\u200b30x15 cm, divide it on 5-10 pieces and laid in the pits to a depth of 7 cm. After watering the bed, cover it with foliage.
If you like this way more, consider that the crop will appear only next year. All summer it is necessary to water the bed once a week 5-6 buckets of water, and by the end of August, fruit bodies will appear. The yield of mushrooms grown along this technique is up to 250 kg per season. It is about one full bucket from the tree.
An alternative way to plant white mushrooms on video:
White mushrooms: photo
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