Grapes in Siberia, landing and care. Growing grapes in Siberia

With the phrase "growing grapes in Siberia", many gardeners appear an incredulous smirk. Many are confident that the cultivation of a southern plant in such severe climatic conditions is simply impossible. So the truth or myth is the cultivation and obtaining a full harvest of grapes in Siberia? How can I explain the statement that it was the harvest of Altai grapes for Siberia was key? Is it worth afraid of growing grapes in Siberia novice gardeners? In this article, we will try to answer these and many other questions, exciting gardeners of Siberia.

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Features of growing grapes in Siberia

Successfully growing grapes in Siberia not immediately. Gardeners once again faced such difficulties when trying to get a vintage of grapes like:

grapes did not stand the harsh winter conditions and just extinced;
early autumn frosts completely roared only the emerging summer increase;
after removing the shelter in the spring, when the kidneys began to dissolve, they could easily come unexpected freezers, which were also deprived of a long-awaited harvest.

Another reason, due to which for a long time in Siberia, there was no successful experience of growing this culture, was the inexperience of the gardeners themselves in this matter. They simply used the "southern" agrotechnik, which at the root did not fit for the climatic conditions of Siberia with its harsh winters. The long-awaited success, which became a turning point in Siberian vineyards, achieved Agrona Nazin VK. He gathered an excellent grape harvest in Altai, who was not inferior to the "southern" harres. Repeated success occurred later, in Bijsk. There, not only successfully grow grapes with full-fledged closes, but also began to cultivate different varieties with different taste characteristics, shape and color. On the basis of this positive experience, 2 reliable and efficient systems of Siberian grace were gradually developed.

Siberian Grafs System №1

Saplings should be stored in the rapid winter rooms or in the dug-up trenches at least 1 meter depth.
Making the vaccination with early grapes of the shield on the laying of winter-hardy American or amur grapes. Such a cunning reception will save the grape roots from the freezing in harsh winters with a small snow cover.
When planting seedlings, landing pits do quite deeply, except for localities with high groundwater. At the bottom of the pit necessarily need to make fertilizers. This method of planting will also protect grapes and its roots from surface extinction.
Do not support grapes and not to determine the final burden on the bush in inflorescences until the spring frosts are not completed. At the moments of frosts to cover grapes with a rag, film.
Perform a minimum of action on trimming and garter in summer.
"Sigor" growing grapes in Siberia. Do not make any feeding, spraying, because In Siberia, there are practically no serious pests for grapes or illness. It will be enough to remove weeds around the plant and mowing grass in the aisle.
To obtain the most rich harvest in Siberian conditions, the bush should be formed on a vertical wire grinder in cardiovascular form.
The autumn trimming of grapes in Siberia is different from trimming in the southern regions: the load on the eyes and shoots should be 2 times more than in the "South" technique of trimming. Conducting trimming is recommended in 2 stages: until September and before the wrinkle for the winter.

Siberian Grafs System №2

Grapes in Siberia does not require vaccinations to winter-hardized laying. In the fall, cuttings are harvested. It is better that they immediately have the desired size. They should be stored either in the cellar, or together with the "maternal" bush hiding for the winter.
If the cultivation of grapes will occur on the chernozem soil, the landing pit is not required. If on sand, clay, poor soils, then landing pit and fertilizer is needed.
Grape cultivation also goes on the "harsh" technology. No need to produce any feeding, spraying, loosening, etc. Grapes need only a weeding from weeds and maintaining in order of rods.
Pruning grapes in the fall in late October once. For the winter, the grapes of the earth in shallow trenches are covered.

Grapes suitable for cultivation in Siberia

In order to get a chic grape harvest in harsh Siberian conditions, the question of choosing a planting variety should be the first priority and most important. After all, not every variety is able to overreim in Siberia and give a crop. At the very first attempts of gardeners, grow the harvest of grapes in Siberia The reason for failures was the fact that they tried to adapt the southern varieties. Only then, thanks to the efforts of breeders, special grape varieties for Siberia, which feel quite comfortable in such climatic conditions. Among them can be allocated:

grapes grape early and supernatous maturation in Siberia: a mystery, a thm. Buratino, Siberian Cheryomushka, Muscat, Kaya;
grape varieties of the average degree of maturation in Siberia: a deposit, a sower of a sharov, Katyr, Savra White;
grape varieties of late degree of maturation in Siberia: Dubinushka, Biysk-2, Ob.

Grow grapes in Siberia

Step 1. Select a place for grapes in Siberia

Of course, if you want to plant grapes in your garden plot, then you are very limited in choosing a place. But perhaps you will be able to find and highlight on your site the most prosperous segment for the growth of grapes. Adhere to the following tips:

when choosing a place for grapes to avoid lowland, in which frosts will be felt most strongly;
south and eastern side of the site will come true;
avoid the northern slopes, windy places where snow cover can be blown up to the soil;
the grape row is better to close in the direction from the north to south. So, the bushes in the morning will be lit by the Sun on the one hand, and in the second one - on the other;
an ideal place for planting grapes can be a deaf place near the fence in the southern side of the site;
avoid wetlands, sections with high fitting groundwater. Although there are examples of successful cultivation of grapes and in such localities;
choose on your site the most dry, sunny, windless and high plot. This will be the perfect place to plant grapes.

If you are going to grow a rather extensive vineyard, then be sure to think about its layout. From this will depend so much, including the quality of the harvest. To ensure good ventilability, good illumination to all rows, make the width of the range from 2.5 to 3 m.

Step 2. Select the grape landing time in Siberia

The grape landing time in Siberia should be carefully selected. It is no secret that in more warm climatic conditions, the formation of the root system of grapes can occur up to 8-10 times more intense. In Siberian conditions, you need to choose a minimum time with 15 degrees of heat. Approximately plant grapes in Siberia in the 2nd half of May. For landing, it is better to prefer a quiet evening or a cloudy day. Do not squeeze grapes with a bright sun - he does not like it.

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Step 3. Preparing grape seedlings in Siberia

For successful grape growing in Siberia, seedlings need to be properly prepared. For landing, you can choose vegetable seedlings that grew in plastic cups at home. When landing does not break the earthen com, and therefore a fragile root system. And you can choose the seedlings that were transferred to the storage of 1 year. They must be prepared for landing properly:

shorten the roots up to 10-12 cm;
leave the strongest vines if there are several of them, and cut them up to 2 eyes. If the vine is only one, then up to 3rd;
then you need to soak seedlings on one day in one of these solutions: a solution of heteroounxine or sodium humat. Water for the solution should be 25-30 degrees;
after soaking the roots of the seedling dip in the clay chatter and immediately begin to land.

Step 4. Landing grapes in Siberia

Compliance with the right technology when planting grapes is the key to successful cultivation. Siberian gardeners can be given the following instructions for planting seedlings of grapes:

we prepare the landing pit. Its depth should be at least 1 m, and the width must correspond to the size of the seedling;

the drainage layer is added to the bottom of the dug hole (for example, gravel), then the compost or humus is placed;
sometimes gardeners go to more energy-dry efforts when landing. A pipe cutter is vertically installed in the landing hole for better air and water access. The pipe should not be too high over the surface of the Earth, it will be enough 20 cm. Otherwise, a lot of too cold air will come through the pipe, which will contribute to the soil freezing. Of course, cutting pipes at winter should be hidden together with the plant;

the land that was dug out of the pit, you need to mix with sand and humus and flood it back to the pit, leaving a holmik. On top of the holmik, the seedlock is installed, we can grow its roots and fall asleep;
after landing, a young seedling requires mandatory irrigation.

Step 5. Care of grapes in Siberia

The cultivation of grapes in Siberia goes on the "harsh" technology, almost natural way. A young seedling does not require absolutely no feeding. The only important actions to ensure a full and proper growth is trimming. The task of the 1st year of young grape growth is the cultivation of 2 powerful shoots:

if the seedling initially had 2 vines when landing, then by the beginning of September they need to be discredited by 1 kidney. All emerging side shoots also need to be quenched on 1 Penos;
if the seedlock originally had 1 vine during landing, then when they reach 60 cm, it is necessary to adjust the top for the formation of lateral steppers. Then then you need to choose the strongest and convenient for the right growth (the opposite direction of the main vine), and the rest are vaccinated on the penet. You will definitely see how quickly this side escape will catch up in growth the main branch.

Pruning grapes in Siberia

For grapes in Siberia, pruning is very important. Of course, this procedure is different from the "southern technology" due to the fact that the autumn in Siberia is very short. Pruning is carried out not in 1, but in 2 stages:

Stage trimming number 1. Time: The end of August - the beginning of September. The harvest of grapes is already assembled, and it is time to spend the first trimming of the vineyard. All dry shoots are deleted. Damaged, weak, the vine is removed, which has already replicated.
Stage trimming number 2. Time: before the shelter for the winter. The later you will dry the bush for the winter, the better. It is not recommended to transfer the 2nd pruning for spring, because In the spring, due to abundant slowning, the beginning of the appearance and dissolving kidneys, you can trim the duration of ripening more than half a month, which is extremely undesirable for a short summer in Siberia. Vintage technique does not differ from trimming in other climatic conditions. The main task is to create a reference process, or "fruit". Of the 2 strong shoots that grow nearby, one is cut briefly, and the other is left long, with a sufficient number of kidneys - from 10 to 20. In summer, one of the shoots will give a crop, and the other is powerful green shoots. In the fall, the trimming process for such branches is carried out on the contrary: the one that was left long is cut under the most Poturna, and the second is left long. This method of trimming allows not to compensate to the bush, rejuvenate it.

Vintage load in Siberian Agrotechnology

The proper load of the grape bush is very important for Siberian agrotechnics. It is calculated by the number of eyes on a branch - future kidneys, of which inflorescences and clusters will appear. If you do too greater load of the bush, then the quality of berries will deteriorate, the clusters will ripen slowly, the plant will have insufficient forces for new shoots that should appear over the summer. With an insufficient load on the branches, the plant will allow absolutely all its strength on the growth of huge branches. The plant will go to the winter hibernation weakened, the roots can drag. Therefore, when creating a correct load for grapes, Siberian gardeners must adhere to the following principles:

The first 2 years, the plant is increasing the power of the root system, grows freely and gains strength.
On the first fruit-lawy summer you need to leave no more than 20 eyes - future covers.
On the 2nd Fruiting Summer Load can be increased to 40 eyes on the bush.
On the 3rd year we increase the load of 1.5 times - 40-60 eyes.
On the 4th year, we increase the load to 80 eyes on the bush.
A full-fledged adult plant further can be loaded from 80 to 150 eyes depending on the strength of growth and variety.
If the variety is finely produced, then a little more of the eyes are allowed, but within the normal range. Lowable variety can be loaded a little less, but also within the normal range.
If we talk about whether to prefer the damage from overload or underload the bush, it is better to choose the underload. Although, it is necessary to strive to the perfect number of clouds in accordance with the age of grapes, the pace of its growth.

Grape hardening when growing in Siberia

One of the main features of the Siberian technique of growing grapes is its hardening. Experienced gardeners do not recommend creating greenhouse shelters for the plant. The only exception can be the situation when unexpected strong spring frosts can "beat" young plants that have not raised to the chopler. Only in such cases it is possible to hide grapes for a while. Hardening grapes in Siberia is aimed at:

plant acclimatization;
the appearance of resistance to daily temperature fluctuations;
the emergence of resistance to seasonal temperature fluctuations;
successful wintering plants.

If you constantly keep grapes in the shelter, then only to wear a bush. Of course, he successfully transfers all seasonal fluctuations in temperature and even give a good harvest, but such a bush just will not survive the Siberian winter.

We hide grapes in Siberia before winter onset

Siberian winter is famous for its severity. The air temperature can fall below 50 degrees. Therefore, the shelter of the vineyard is one of the primary tasks in the successful cultivation of this culture. Gardeners begin to prepare their vineyards for the winter, when the average daily temperature will be installed at 0 degrees. This is usually happening in mid-October - early November. The sun at this time is no longer able to warm the soil, which will prevent hearing, rotting grapes under the shelter. To avoid possible errors for grapes in the winter in Siberia, consider the following tips:

the grapes by the time of the organization of wintering should already be cropped. Vines are removed from the chopler and laid along the trenches;
it is very important that the bush is absolutely dry. The incidence of the slightest moisture under the shelter can provoke infection with fungal diseases. It is better to cover grapes in a sunny, windy day;
the vines are covered with a film or durable tissue and pinch their earth. From above thick papuscar;
when snow cover is installed, follow its presence on the covered vineyard;
the top layer of shelter is removed after the snow supply;
the film is removed in approximately in April, when the active processes of the Sokward begin. Go to another, more easy shelter - a filmnik on arcs. At all, the insulation will not need when the threat of night and other frosts is finally.

Finally

As you can see, you should not be afraid of growing grapes in Siberia. The long-term experience of gardeners in these parts has achieved such a level that it is quite possible to assemble crops similar to the "southern". The most strictly adheres to the following principles of growing vineyard in the climatic conditions of Siberia:

to grow, it is desirable to select special varieties of Siberian selection;
grapes under conditions of Siberia requires a rather hard hardening for the appearance of good resistance to low temperatures and its sharp drops. Grapes requires shelter only for the winter and for the time of possible freezers in spring;
try to mostly observe the load for the bush: no more than 20 eyes in the first year of fruiting. Every year gradually increase the load;
short autumn in Siberia requires trimming in 2 stages: after harvesting and in front of wintering;
follow the sufficient snow cover on the covert vineyard.

For beginner gardeners, it may be very useful information about growing grapes in Siberia in video.