With the breeding of domestic animals, many farmers have a number of questions, and one of them - where to give manure? In winter, you can relax and if the farm is small, put waste into a bunch, and with the onset of spring to take out far beyond the dwelling. Many people export dung to the landfill, and some farmers use as a natural fertilizer.
From a long time, people held a large farm and knew that manure was a natural fertilizer. Many farmers still do not imagine the cultivation of garden crops without tillage. This is good, because the rich composition of manure (many microelements), falling into the ground, forms a fertile layer. Over time, fresh manure overtakes and mixed with soil. There are unpleasant moments: sharp smell, not enough balanced composition and inconvenience in work.
Manure can be different, the most common is a cow. Pork is also used in agriculture, but because of the sharp caustic smell, it is difficult to deal with it. Horse manure is better than cow, since it is more nutrients. It is also worth considering chicken litter and rabbit. By the way, with rabbit dung work in pleasure, since it has a dry consistency and not such a sharp smell, like pork manure.
It is worth learn more about the methods of recycling cow and pork manure, since this "good" has farmers in excess.
General. How to remove manure
Before you know what methods, you can get rid of a large number of manure, first we will determine with its views:
- This is a subtenuation manure, it is formed as a result of mixing the bedding for animals (straws), urine and feces.
- Clean or unsophisticated manure - natural fertilizer in its pure form without extraneous impurities.
Choosing ways to clean the manure from the site where pigs and cows live, you need to adhere to the basic rule - remove waste as carefully and preferably without adding a liquid.
Manure cleaning systems:
- mechanically with small conveyors, chains and scrapers. The mechanism for collecting the manure is: Special spatulas (scrapers) are located at the same distance from each other and are fixed on solid circuits. As soon as the mechanism is activated, the scrapers collect manure and move to the container. This method of manure cleaning is more suitable for large and small farms;
- hydraulic - along the perimeter of the tray where pigs or cows are inhabited, installed pipes and tanks to collect excrement. As soon as you need to clean the barn from the manure, the toggle switch turns on, and water under strong pressure is cleaned with manure. Mixing with water, it becomes liquid and flows into the tanks. There, manure is defended, cleaned by special components, and then used as a natural fertilizer. Such a system is considered very expensive, as it takes a lot of water and installing a powerful pump;
- the sampling method is the most common farmers in many farmers, where the amount of livestock does not exceed 10 units. The dung mass, accumulating, is gradually moving towards the edges of the Khleva on the nipped. This manual needs to be removed, and manually. The manure is imposed by shovels on the trolley and are taken out on a nascular bunch. The method is low-cost, but ineffective, moreover, it is suitable only for manure if the litter is not used in the crunch.
What can be done with pork manure?
If you decide to make several pigs, be prepared for the fact that in six months the farm will expand and you will have to pay more attention to the cleaning of the chlev from manure. Monthly pork manure is very caustic, but the same nutritious as a cow. Natural fertilizer is used on any soils, but only with pretreatment. The manure is desirable to neutralize to reduce acidity. For this, 7 kg of superphosphate is taken on 20 kg of manure, the components are mixed and to make the manure more loose, it is necessary to add a little horse manure. If there are no superphosphates, then this substance can be replaced by conventional lime, only enough to make 20 kg of 5 kg of lime and 5 kg of horse manure. Just be prepared for the fact that the value of such fertilizer is slightly reduced.
What else to take into account: the fact is that pigs are very omnivorous and impossible to constantly control them: toxic substances that are detrimental for plants may be contained in manure. In addition, parasitic worms are also no exception. Therefore, to protect not only the future harvest, but also not harm yourself, the manure is forbidden to introduce fresh, only after exposure (during the year).
The manure must be shifted by layers - a layer of manure, layer of grass (leaves, sawdust or straw). As a result of such "burning", manure is purified from parasites and harmful substances and can be used as an organic fertilizer.
When is it best to make manure? Only in the spring, during the rescue, thoroughly distributing on the surface of the soil. If you do not know the acidity of the soil, then you need to mix pork manure with horse. This mixture is suitable for any type of soil. If you add to the manure of sawdust or straw in the manure, then such a fertilizer is suitable for a subline soil. Norms of application may differ and depend on the cultures and quality of the soil, the average fertilization standards - 2 buckets per 1 m 2.
About ways to store manure
Since manure (no matter, pork, horse or cow) is a valuable organic fertilizer, in a fresh form to bring it into the soil, so as not to destroy garden crops and plants. Therefore, you need to put pressure on storage. The minimum period of 2 months, the maximum - to 12. After six months, you can use the disgraced manure to fertilize the site.
How can you save manure:
- With a cold way, when livestock waste is folded into small handhes (size 2 by 2 m, height is up to 5 m). Gradually, when storing, manure gets rid of extra oxygen and the vital activity of bacteria is paralyzed.
- Anaerobic way, when the manure is folded without seal and wait when the temperature inside the dung heap will reach the mark +70 oC, then the old layer of manure is adjusted and add a fresh batch. Each time a lot of "grows" more and more, the maximum height of the null heap is 2 m.
- Biothermal disinfection is the most efficient way to get rid of destructive microorganisms and bacteria. To store the manure you need to prepare a hole (the depth of the half meter, the width is 2 m, the length can be different). The walls and the bottom of the pit must be strengthened, labeling with liquid clay, put a layer of manure (recycled waste), in the middle of the fresh layer of manure, close the ground or straw. As a result of the operation of the operation, a high temperature will rise in the dung heap and all bacteria and microorganisms will die.
There is another way to store manure to disinfect - in storages, it is more suitable for large and small farms. Storage for manure is located at a distance of 50 m from the farm, thoroughly observing the purity so that the manure is not scattered over the site, as animals, as well as people can infect infection.
If everything is done correctly, after a few months from fresh manure it will be a useful substance for soil - humus. If it does not suit you, then it is worth considering the following option - the disposal of manure.
Rules for disposal of manure
Composting manure processing is one of the most convenient methods for recycling animal excrement. To create a compost pile, liquid manure is used with a litter (humidity up to 70%) or solid manure after separation (humidity above 75%). To fold the manure to a compost bunch, the liquid substance is shifted by a layer of crushed straw, peat or wood foliage. Forks turn the mixture to be mixed well. In large farms, this part of the work is performed by machines - excavators or bulldozers. The mass is folded on pre-prepared sites or form in separate blocks (boots). It is important to maintain the level of humidity in the substance - as much as possible, 75%, if the humidity is higher, then the biotermic disinfection of the manure will not happen.
When mixing fresh manure with straw or peat, the mass temperature gradually rises and reaches the mark +65 oC. At this temperature, most pathogenic microbes (as well as helminths and their eggs) will die, and useful properties are not lost.
An interesting way to dispose of pork manure (and not only) - vermicomposting. This processing of substance along with worms. It turns out not only natural fertilizer, the soil will constantly receive maximum nutrition. As a result of mixing worms with manure (rewind or fresh after composting), worms fall into the ground and continue to lead an active lifestyle, processing the soil.
For farmers of the middle strip of Russia, you can recommend recycling along with California worms, but only before hiding the worms, you need to make bone flour, lime (just do not forget to repay it before making) or wood ash to lower the acidity to 8 NS.
Recently, this method of utilization of manure is popular, as there is no need to use chemical fertilizers, there is no risk to overstat the soil and get a rich harvest, but with nitrates. Organic fertilizer - manure, improve and resume soil fertility.
Disposal of the manure of cattle (cattle) by making bacteria. This is a modern method of waste disposal, with which you can achieve excellent results. In the manual heap, certain conditions are created for the reproduction of useful microorganisms. The method is suitable not only for the manure of cattle, but also for swine manure and aviation, and for different methods of collecting.
In the hydraulic and processing in the burs, they first defend the mass so that the liquid separated and a solid crust appeared on the surface. Here is a precipitate, which fell to the bottom, is very difficult to remove, just bacteria prevent the formation of solid precipitate and retain the manure in its original form, while holding the nitrogen as a useful trace element for soil fertilizer.
In containers or barts, manure is stirred with straw and other organic substances, useful microorganisms that help dispose of manure depriving his smell are introduced.
Granulation is one of the best methods for recycling manure and avian litter. As a result of processing, granules are the same size. This is an organic fertilizer with a complete set of beneficial substances (micro and macroelements). Such granules are used to grow any plants and all types of soil. Granules, recycled from manure, quickly dissolve in water and do not overload the soil.
The benefits of granular manure:
- in the finished product there are no seeds of weed grass, eggs and larvae of harmful microorganisms;
- there are all the necessary minerals;
- the finished product is not compressed during storage, does not ignore;
- an unlimited shelf life;
- considered an environmentally friendly product;
- not toxic;
- when entering the soil increases yield by 35%;
- reduces the time of ripening of garden crops for 2 weeks;
- increases plant stability to disease.
The technological process of creating granules or disposal of litter: the raw materials are crushed, dried and cut. To dry the raw materials, the granules are placed in aerodynamic drying, and after - crushed in another car to get ready-made raw materials. Then the powder is processed and under high pressure and the temperature is pressed in the granulator. Hot granules come out of the car. After cooling, they can be used for their intended purpose.
Recycling by hot air. An interesting method, it turns out good raw materials, but the total weight of the manure decreases by 20%. As a result, it turns out an easy, convenient mass for transportation. There are deficiencies in order to dry the ton of raw materials, it is necessary to spend almost as much gasoline. So here you need to think about what is better.
Manure processing is the need that can be turned into a useful and cost-effective occupation.
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