How to trim the grapes in the spring for beginners, scheme, photo. How to cut the grapes in the spring

Grapes are a rather popular agricultural culture, the fruits of which are used both in wine-made and in dining purposes. Properly grown and well-groomed vine is able to give an excellent crop of sweet and juicy berries. Breakdogi in normal grapes are capable of achieving weight more than 1 kilogram, and berries can be sized with a cherry.

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Culture Characteristics and the need to trim the grapes in spring

It is believed that grapes are one of the first crops that the man began to grow. He was cultivated in Egypt in 5 millennia BC. NS. Over time, this culture has spread throughout the world and grape plantation today can be found almost on any continent. As you know, the fruits of grapes are grouped in the form of dense clouds, each of which consists of a variety of berries. Berries have an oblong or spheroid form. Today there are many varieties of this culture, each of which is distinguished by the painting fruit. In particular, berries are, greenish, yellow, blue, dark purple shade. They have thin skin, but at the same time sufficiently dense. Under it is an acidic or sweet juicy flesh. Inside fruits there are many bones. Although today the varieties of grapes with bark berries have already been bred.

To date, there are more than 7 thousand cultural varieties, but all of them can be divided into four basic groups:

wine varieties
dining
raisin varieties
grapes for the manufacture of sweet juices.

One of the mandatory conditions for the proper care of grapes is its trimming. It has 2 main goals:

Enhance the yield of culture.
Improve its aesthetic appearance. Chaotic vine thickets look, to put it mildly, not too beautiful.

Why do you need to cut grapes? So, for the full ripening of the fruit of grapes, they need a normal influx of utility substances. Only then will they be juicy and sweet. If on the plant, leave the "empty" parts of the vine, the plant will need to spend a lot of strength in order to supply nutrients from roots to the vine, including "empty" sites. Because of this, the clusses will not receive sufficient food, berries will be degraded, not juicy, and quite sour. To reduce the load on the plant, unnecessary areas of the vine must be trimmed. Such a "rejuvenation" can extend the life of the plant, which is very important, because it is rather difficult to grow a new bush. On how to cut the grapes in the spring for beginners, let's tell further.

When the grapes should be trimmed in spring

Grapes, like most fruit trees and shrubs, cut into both late autumn and early spring. The selection of the period depends on the climatic conditions of the region. In areas with harsh winters, the autumn trimming is not recommended. Losing a large amount of nutrients in the process of rejuvenation, the plant can be badly transferred to winter, which will lead to his death. In this case, it should be planned, how to cut the grapes in the spring, while the temperature also ranges from 0 ° C to 3 ° C. At such a temperature, active ash does not start, which is good for grapes. With raising the temperature and activation of the movement of nutrients along the vine, the cropping cannot be carried out. If grapes "pay", it can lead to a bad harvest or the death of the plant. Young grapes is cut only in the spring, as he does not have enough strength to get normal to normal.

In places with soft winter, you can spend the autumn trimming. For the plant, it is even better, as it makes it possible to heal the wounds and prepare for the spring.

Winemakers with experience spend the summer trimming of plants. For such an operation, great experience in growing grapes is needed. The order of work during summer trimming is somewhat different from what they do in spring or autumn. Summer treatment is to remove unnecessary leaves and upper covers, as well as shoots. The fact is that the main bunches are concentrated at the bottom of the plant, and at the expense of the upper may not be able to not be affected by a sufficient amount of substances in order to acquire a shared taste and aroma. In this case, the plant a priori cannot provide the upper vines with nutrients. Yes, and the reduction in the number of slurries significantly improves their quality. Summer circumcision is carried out without a secaterator.

How to crop young grapes in spring

In order for the process of trimming grapes to benefit, and not harm, it must be done correctly. Rules of pruning plants are easy to remember, and nothing in them is "supernatural". However, their non-compliance often leads to the death of not only the future harvest, but also the plants in general. It must be remembered that it is impossible to cut a new young grapes as a generated bush. Termination rules for them are different. Consider them in more detail:

The main rule of trimming is only unnecessary branches. Do not be too carried away by cropping. Excessive zeal can also lead to not very good results.
The main key to proper trimming of grape bushes is a sharp and durable tool. The stupid secateur will hurt the plant that it can dry, because the ribbon wounds of the vine will be wrapped in quite a long time.
It is necessary to work clearly, devoted movements. In this case, the vine will not flavor and retain more nutrients. It is recommended to train on less gentle grape varieties that are better tolerated injuries. The most unpretentious of them is Isabella. How to cut the grapes of Isabella in the spring, you can learn more in the article.
With the spring trimming of a young bush, the task is to create all the conditions for the formation of a pole escape. Over the summer, he must gain power to become the basis for the whole bush. To do this, leave the strongest escape, and the rest are cleaned.
After trimming, you should create a support for the remaining escape. To do this, in the ground, pegs are ripped into the ground or stretch several rows of wires, to which the vine is tied with a braid.
If in the first year of the growth of the bush of grapes on it is formed inflorescences, it is better to remove them. It makes no sense to regret them. First, there will be no normal crop with them, and secondly, the busty of the bush can give a much greater result for the next year.
If there are no inflorescences on the bush, it is still carried out by the procedure of stepsing and circumcision. Due to this, the plant energy will not be distributed to leaves and inflorescences, but will focus on the growth of the main escape.

How to crop old grapes in spring

Pruning the old grapes is usually carried out by autumn. It is made in two main stages:

The first stage is carried out at the beginning of September - early October, while there are still leaves on the plant. He lies in the pruning of new shoots to save the old "sleeves" from them. The average branches are getting rid of steppes and are trimmed at about 1/10 of its length.
The second stage is carried out after leaffall. At this time, all nutrients depart from the vine in the sleeves and the main pillar. At this stage, the most powerful shoots are cut. First of all, it is necessary to form, the so-called, bitch of replacement. To do this, lower the sleeves choose one escape that is briefly cut, leaving only 3-4 kidneys. On other shoots, pruning, leaving 5-6 kidneys. On some shoots, it is better to leave a little more of the eyes - as a spare in case of extinction.

Also worth knowing how to trim the launched grapes in the spring. If the string of grapes has not been carried out for a long time, you will have to resort to cardinal measures. For him, there are only a few main branches that will be the basis for the future bush. All the rest must be removed. If you do it right, after a year or two it will be possible to collect a good harvest.

You can see how to cut grapes in the spring in the diagram:

How to cut grapes in spring on the arch

The grape arch is the most common object of the landscape decor in our country. In addition to fruiting, it acts as a natural canopy, under which you can hide from the sun or rain. Basically, the process of trimming the bush under the arch is no different from other types of trimming. The main rule is to remove weak shoots and leave strong, works here.

For the formation of the grape arch, mostly plant frost-resistant and unpretentious grapes, because there will be no possibility to cover them from frost. If the grapes for the arch schedule only as a dimension method, you can choose wild or maiden varieties. Though they do not differ in their fruit value, but completely unpretentious to growing and care. Often they are used to form a "green" facade of the building.

How to cut grapes in summer

Summer trimming of grapes is two types:

Stammer (tearful). It is used if cold-resistant grapes are grown, which are not insulated for the winter.
Wishboard (observed). Used to the varieties of grapes that are insulated in the winter period. There are several varieties of wretched trimming:

chaphenoid. It is quite rare in our latitudes;
fan. Most often is held on the 2nd and subsequent years after the culture landing. With this method, trimming on the bush plants are left from 2 to 4 strong and healthy branches. Every year, those branches from which the fruits have already collected are cut from the bush. In addition, a fruitful bitch is formed from the upper vine. If the grape bush is weak and there is no possibility to select 4 healthy branches, then two can be stopped;
cordon. Otherwise, called "oblique" trimming. With this method, cropping leaves one strong and healthy vine. It will be the basis for the formation of a bush. Along the entire length of the vine form fruit links. If the branch grows too long, then you can build a support for it in the form of trellis. In this case, the vine is tied to the support in the inclined position so that the eyes "watched" down. The new shoots that appeared are tied to the sleeper, so that the distance between them is at least 35 cm.

Autumn trimming grapes

Those gardens gardens that practice the cultivation of various grape varieties on their plot must definitely learn the mechanism of autumn crop crop. This technique, similarly, like a summer trim circuit, is divided into 2 types:

Western. Used for observer plant species. This trimming is carried out before culture is insulated for the winter. In this case, "eyes" on the vines are cut down at a minimum. It is done so in order to have a certain amount of fruit units in stock, because in the process of wintering "eyes" can disappear. If the wintering plant was successful, excess "peephole" can be trimmed in the spring.
Stammer (tearful). This type of trimming is carried out in November, when the leaflets opled from the grape branch. At the same time, shoots are cut into a small amount so that the vine remains as much fruiting adventures. Stamping trim has a lot of minuses, as it helps to reduce the resistance of the culture of winter cold. Therefore, it is better to trim in the spring of the plants.