In the warm autumn and spring time, lovers of mushrooms go to the forest to stock product with a protein product for a whole winter. Collecting mushrooms, people enjoy the process itself and praise themselves that they managed to prepare a useful product for winter. To go to the store and buy half awhell effin or champignon, of course, it is possible, but the cost of mushrooms is very "biting." Not everyone can afford to use mushrooms in food all year round. What can be taken in this case? There is a way out - you can independently grow champignons.
Most mushroom lovers really want to learn how to grow them at home, but they are heard about this difficult process and therefore do not decide to start. The case is a troublesome and complicated - so they say those who have not tried to grow champignon mushrooms with their own hands. But if you have a huge desire, then it is quite possible to carry out.
A few words and benefits of mushrooms
Champignons are a useful, tasty and nutritious product that many of us love. You can buy mushrooms in the grocery supermarket. The cost, of course, does not allow to prepare different mushroom dishes, but to cook the soup, fry potatoes with mushrooms or pick up a little mushroom mushrooms is quite possible.
Champignons are harmless mushrooms that are widely used by kitchens of different peoples of the world. The benefits of this beautiful and fragrant mushroom can be spent very long.
We will list only the main advantages:
- high protein content;
- low calorieness;
- the presence of fatty acids;
- a large amount of carbohydrates;
- the content of minerals, amino acids and vitamins contribute to improving memory;
- dietary product;
- reduces the level of harmful cholesterol in the blood.
This mushroom can grow anywhere. Champignons can be found even in large cities on the roofs of houses, in basements and in the courtyards of multi-storey houses. Of course, this product is impossible to eat such a product, since the mushrooms accumulate harmful substances very quickly. To eliminate the risk of poisoning with meat with meat, you should not collect champignons in unfamiliar places. In addition, for those who go to the forest for harvest, remember that at an early stage of the development of a forest mushroom, it is very similar to the pale custody.
Homemade grown champignons
Fans of champignons dubbed these beautiful white round mushrooms as "forest meat" and they are absolutely right because there are many squirrels in mushrooms. In order to prepare different dishes from mushrooms all year round, you can grow champignons yourself. No need to be a professional, the main thing is to study the technology of growing champignons and adhere to some rules.
The rule is first to grow mushrooms only in a cheese and dark place. Ideal is the wet cellar, basement, storage room or chunnel.
Rule second - the basis can be used different, but best, if you manage to get horse manure. It is possible to mix some lime, plaster or urea.
The third rule - the humidity in the room should be at least 55%, and the air temperature is +20 oWITH.
In short, you can describe in a few words the entire technological process of growing mushrooms: racks or boxes are suitable for fungny. An infused substrate with additives is folded into the boxes, then the mushrooms are put there (it must be purchased in stores or on the market). Next, when creating the necessary conditions for 3 weeks, the fungi will grow. How to find out what the process is developing? A whitish flare will appear on the ground. As soon as you see it, the fall is sprinkled with the earth (from the greenhouse) and moisturize from the sprayer. As the earth will die, it must be constantly swamped with water.
Approximately 30 days or 1.5 months of the mushrooms will be fruitful, but harvest is still very early. Only after 3 months it will be possible to remove the first mushrooms. It is important not to miss the moment of aging to not exhaust the fungne. Mushrooms are harvested very carefully, and then the place where "sat" mushrooms, rushing the earth (thin layer).
Perhaps you will like this method of growing mushrooms when the compost is not laid in boxes or racks, but stacked in plastic bags and hang indoors. This method is more suitable for small enterprises and individuals who do not have the ability to process compost steam. The affected bag can be removed from the room at any time without losing and infecting the rest of mycelium.
In addition, the cultivation of mushrooms in bags saves the place in the room and use it as efficiently as possible. But there are negative points: this is laborious, because it is necessary to manually fill the bags with a compartment, and then hang them on the hooks under the ceiling. You also need to be transferred manually and install bags back, updating the mixture. Difficult to mix in the finished compost and various additives.
Champignon mushrooms. Photo:
How to make a substrate
Proper to make a nutrient mixture is a guarantee of a good crop. It is important to comply with certain proportions.
The main component of the substrate is compost. It can be prepared from horse manure (perfect option). Then you need to take this nutritional mixture - 80%. Also for composite, wheat straw or rye (ozimo only) is suitable. If there is no possibility to purchase horse manure, it can be replaced with cow and even bird, but then the yield will be not so high.
Prepare compost is best on the street, in mad sunny weather. If there is bad weather on the street, you can cook a substrate and indoors, but only then it is important to ensure good conditions - the room must be well ventilated. This is very important, since when the substrate components begin to wander, not only moisture will be allocated, but also carbon dioxide and ammonia.
Comparation proportions:
- straw - 100 g;
- urea - 2 kg;
- superphosphate - 2 kg;
- chalk - 5 kg;
- gypsum - 8 kg;
- manure - 80%.
You should have 300 kg of nutritional mixture for bookmarking the mushrooms, area up to 3m 2.
For those who decided to use a bird litter, proportions change: per 100 kg of litter take as much straw, 300 liters of water, 7 kg of plaster and 5 kg of alabastra.
Cooking substrate:
- A straw is soaked in water for 24 hours. You need to highlight a spacious tank for these purposes.
- Next, manure and straw must be put in 4 layers: a layer of straw (moisturizing additionally from the sprayer), then a layer of manure, again the layer of straw and so on.
- Add 300 liters of water to the mixture.
- All components are then needed to mix 1 time, add gypsum, 2nd times mix - add superphosphate and when you mix the 3rd time - add chalk. In conclusion, mix the mixture of another time and leave alone.
After stirring the mixture begins the reaction. Already on the 3rd day, the temperature inside will increase to +70 oS. To strengthen the burning process, the substrate is necessary to "build" correctly: the height and length of the stack of 1.5 m, width - 1.2 m.
After 20 days (+ - 2 days), the substrate for planting the mushroom will be ready. In the meantime, not to lose precious time, you can enjoy the arrangement of the place for growing champignons, to build racks or boxes. Their height should be from 10 to 20 cm.
How to grow mushrooms champignons
In order for the efforts to be justified in full, it is important to buy high-quality mycelium. It is best if the fungnya is grown in the laboratory with observance of sterile conditions. You can find 2 mushroom options on sale: this is compost and grain mycelium. The first is sold in glass containers. It will be stored until 20 days at a temperature of +20 oC, and at a temperature not higher 0C - during the year. This is a stable mycelium, which is not subjected to negative effects and economical. On 1m 2 You will need only 500 g. There are also negative sides - yield will be not as high as a grain mycelium.
Grain mycelium is sold in polyethylene bags. Shelf life to six months at a temperature of 0 to +4 oC. Differs high yield. On 1m2 (this is approximately 100 kg of substrate) it is necessary to purchase 400 g of mycelium.
Before entering the greenhouse into manure, it is necessary to perform heat treatment or pasteurization. After that, the substrate, subject to all the rules of preparation, should spring should be slightly (if you press it with your fingers). Then the mixture must be cooled to the temperature +25 oC and lay a smooth layer in the boxes (the height of the mixture is 30 cm).
The principle of "Substitution" Mycelium is very simple: take a handful of mushrooms and plunge up to 5 cm. To do this, you can use the peg to lift the substrate. The deepening place (well) must be placed in a checker order so that the gap between the wells is 25 cm. If you use a grain fungne, then it is simply scattered along the surface of the substrate, and then sprinkle with a thin layer of the nutrient mixture.
For the cultivation of champignons, not only boxes can be used, a laying of mycelium into racks is allowed, then the manure layer is up to 45 cm or arrange the "earth floor". The size of the platform is 50 x 50 cm or a little more, the substrate layer is 45 cm, it is necessary to be well sealed in order to obtain a thickness of the manure to 30 cm. To do this, you can use the shovel. The color of the finished substrate is dark, brown, straw should break well in their hands.
A good crop gives 2 varieties of champignons - white and gray two-position.
For landing, you can use natural mycelium, that is, wild. It is taken in places of large cluster of champignons. It can be dung or compost heaps, landfills, greenhouses, livestock yards. Mushrooms dig very carefully and only in those places where there is a fruit body of champignons (white web in the soil). The mushroom should have a pleasant mushroom fragrance and not be damaged by diseases and pests.
How to care for champignons in the period of growth
The incubation period during the cultivation of champignons is no less important than the preparation of the substrate and the introduction of mycelium. It is necessary that the air humidity has lowered the mark below than 70%. The optimal humidity in the room is from 70 to 95%.
Perform this condition is not so difficult. You can cover boxes and racks with paper or burlap and constantly spray them from the sprayer. It is very important that the water does not fall on the fungne and manure.
In addition, it is necessary to control the room temperature, the maximum permissible norms +27 oC. If the room temperature rises above this mark, you can open the doors to air the basement or vice versa - then it is necessary to turn on the heater.
12 days after the landing of mycelium, the mushroom will begin to grow and then it is necessary to put the substrate (4 cm thick). The concerning mixture is prepared as follows: take 4 parts of the earth from the garden, 1 part of limestone or chalk and 5 parts of the peat. On 1m 2 You will need 50 kg of soil. Treat the ground from the garden with boiling water to get rid of pests and prevent the formation of mold and reproduction of bacteria in the soil. Champignons are very sensitive to negative factors and pests.
After 3, a maximum of 5 days after you launch the ground from above, you need to try to reduce the temperature in the basement to + 15-17 oC. Try more and as often as possible moisturize the upper part of the soil, but only so that the moisture does not get to the substrate and mycelium. Provide ventilation. The main thing is to prevent the appearance of drafts. After 30-40 days the first mushrooms will appear.
How to collect a crop
You can independently grow mushrooms in just a few months. Harvesting should be started when a thin film on the mushroom hat has not yet had time to break (the film connects the edge of the leg with the leg).
Brown mushrooms, deprived of moisture or flabby, cannot be used for cooking, because they can even be poisoned.
Mushrooms can not be out or cut, it is enough to simply unscrew the fungus, and the place is sprayed with a coating soil and not plenty of water.
The period of fruiting can last from 1 to 3.5 months. During this period, it is important not to miss 7 "waves" of champignon collection.
As a result, with 1m 2 You can collect from 5 to 10 kg of mushrooms and even more! Between each "wave" can be a short break, from 4 to 7 days. The first two waves are most successful, because during this period you can collect up to 70% of the total crop.
As you can see, the result of painstaking labor will be justified full, these mushrooms are enough not only to feed the family, you can treat your friends, relatives and even sell some champignons to compensate the costs.
How to grow champignons, look at the video.
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