Iceberg salad, landing and care. Growing Salad Iceberg: varieties, landing, care

Garders can grow greens on their plot all year round. Not exception was the Iceberg salad. Although it looks like a white-born cabbage, his taste is much superior to a leaf salad. The composition of the iceberg salad is rich in useful elements for the body, has a distinctive crunch and neutral taste. All these plant characteristics make it possible to combine well with many products.

Iceberg lettuce - planting plants rules

Compliance with the rules of lettuce planting gives the opportunity to grow in their area of \u200b\u200bhealthy plants that best retain their flavor. In addition it is important to prepare in advance not only the soil before planting, but also to treat the seed.

The choice of location for planting Iceberg lettuce

For growing lettuce in the open field it is important to choose a location on the site and choose the soil. The plant likes plenty of light, and he was not afraid of direct sunlight. So feel free to be planted lettuce in well-lit areas. Do not let even the slightest darkening, otherwise lettuce become faded and no longer fully develop.

Avoid areas with drafts. The plant also fears the strong winds, especially seedlings. Young sprouts may be damaged due to the strong air flow. Wind can also cause rapid soil drying.
The key to successful growing lettuce in the open field - is the right choice of the soil. For planting vegetables give preference to the fertile soil or well-fertilized. The plant requires a great amount of minerals for normal growth. Well suited neutral ground or with a low acidity.
If the soil on your site clayThen require an additional application of sand. Use for this purpose river sand in equal proportions. This will make the soil more friable. Because the root system will get oxygen supply, and the moisture will pass through the soil faster.
Lettuce likes moderately moist soil. Therefore, the landing must prepare drainage. For areas with very moist soil or shallow ground water need to install a drainage system.

How to prepare the ground for Iceberg lettuce

The soil is prepared for planting lettuce in advance. Usually, this procedure is carried out in the fall for spring landing vegetable. If for some reason you could not prepare the ground before winter, then Do it at least a couple of months before planting or when the ground warms up slightly.

Shovel to dig the soil to a depth of 2 times of 30-40 cm. Be sure to remove the roots of the previous crop, especially weeds. At this stage, it allowed the introduction of humus or instead of using complex fertilizer. Smooth out the soil, cover spunbond and leave for the winter.
In the spring before planting, remove the covering material, the soil dug up again. If required, lay out drainage of broken bricks or expanded clay. Make feeding is not required. To reduce the acidity of the soil, add lime. When clay soils using river sand. After all the manipulations soil is well compacted.

Preparation of seeds before planting lettuce Iceberg

For the best lettuce growing in the open field or in the seating capacities seed needs pretreatment. Vegetable seeds should be purchased only in specialized stores or garden centers. Here you can buy with confidence that it is a variety that you need.

First reassemble seeds and sort them by size. Material with injury or the presence of any spots ejected. To reduce the germination period, the seeds should be soaked. This action will quickly wash away the oils on the surface of the seeds. They inhibit seed germination.
Experienced gardeners used for this warm water. Soak the seed necessary for 10-12 days. While maintaining the water temperature at about 18-22 degrees. Additionally, to disinfect the seeds and accelerate their germination can be achieved by bubbling. For this purpose the compressor, which saturates the water with oxygen or air for soaking seeds.
There is another way to quickly sprouting after planting - it is the germination of seeds. Most often used for this purpose chips and fabric. Fill a small container with sawdust, good tamp and pour boiling water. Material cut into strips, place on top of sawdust.
Wet seeds, then put a thin layer on the fabric. Wet length of material in warm water and close the seeds. Make sure that the top fabric was constantly wet. When the seeds are released white spines 1-2 mm long. you can proceed to their landing.

Conditions for planting seeds iceberg lettuce

Much easier to plant ready salad sprouts. But buying seedlings, you can not be sure of the quality of planting material and the process of hardening of the plant. Therefore an alternative embodiment of a seeding in the open ground.

Such a method of planting is much faster. So you do not need to pre-prepare the planting soil, buy containers and cups for cultivation. Sowing seeds takes place immediately in the open ground.

Salad growth rate seeds is reduced. The vegetable is fully matured in 45-50 days from the moment of sowing, and after 2 months you can land the seed again. Behind the sprouts appeared it is easier to care for the garden than in a greenhouse or on the windowsill in the house.

The cultivation of seed salad begins with the choice of the place and preparation of the soil for the bed. On the perimeter of the garden be sure to make grooves. So water will not be seamless during irrigation. After that, the rammed soil is abundantly watering with warm water.
Before making grooves, decide on the purpose of growing salad. So for planting salad on greens, the distance between the rows of seedlings should be 15-20 cm. If you want to grow a salad on the Kochan, then increase the gap to 40 cm. Depth and width of the groove for sowing seeds are the same, make it size 1.5 -2 cm.
Large seeds can be sown immediately, minor mix with river sand for the convenience of placing them in the groove. Do not seitu thick, there is a wake of wakes for growth. Then neatly close the furrows with the soil, crumple it. After sowing the earth again moistened.
Salad tolerates the average temperature well. Low degree air does not give the desired growth to seedlings, and the high temperature contributes to the gluttony of the sprouts and the loss of their mass. Therefore, grown salad is preferable in spring or autumn. It is also allowed to sow seeds under the winter.
If you sowed the seeds of early spring, and the temperature at night decreases to 10 degrees and below, then the garden should be shortened by spunbond or to make the arches from thick wire and to cover the greenhouse film. With increasing temperature in the afternoon to 15-17 degrees, the covering material is removed.

Sowing seeds Salad Iceberg under winter

To raise iceberg salad for 10-15 days earlier, the sowing material is planted under the winter. For this summer, prepare a garden and landing ground. When the air temperature drops to 3 degrees of heat, proceed to sowing.

The planting material does not need to be preloaded and germinated. Seying seeds are needed to a depth of about 2.5 cm. It is necessary that they do not sprout ahead of time. With this method of cultivation, there is a risk of freezing of seeds, so salad salad 2 times more and thicker.
Watering the soil is not required. The garden is additionally covered by winter foliage or grass. In the spring, when the soil warms well, remove the shelter and sprinkle with warm water.

Growing the iceberg salad through seedlings

Gardeners with experience prefer to plant iceberg salad into open soil sedale. In this form, the sprouts of the vegetable have already become quite strengthened and passed the procedure for hardening to your area. Rail seedlings on their own very troublesome lesson. But if you comply with all the rules of its cultivation, then make this process simple.

Preparatory work should be done in February or March. Purchase special containers for seeding seeds. Fill them with the landing soil. Its composition is the same as to prepare a bed. Leave the tank in the greenhouse or warm place to warm the soil.
Seeds pre-supervise or germinate. Sowing the sowing material follows in shallow grooves, which then fall asleep soil. If you use a pressed peat instead of soil, then the seeds do not need to be sprinkled. Watering is carried out only with warm water.
Containers with seeds put in a warm room where the air temperature does not fall below 17 degrees of heat. Leave the container at such a temperature for a couple of days, until the sprouts appear until they appear.
Then the air temperature should be raised to 23-25 \u200b\u200bdegrees and provide good lighting. As seedlings increase, it should periodically moisten the soil and conduct a musting. In this case, do not allow the soil to be overly wet.
When the sprouts reached 2 weeks, it is necessary to start harding activities. To do this, on sunny days, begin to make the seedlings on open air. First leave it for 30-40 minutes, then gradually increase the time to 5-7 hours per day.
The seedling time in open ground depends on weather conditions and temperature regime. If the early spring temperature does not rise above 15 degrees, then planted 4 weeks salad. This age seedling is stronger and tempered. With an increase in air temperature, you can plant younger seedlings.
Grokery for planting salad is preparing the same as when sowing seeds. The distance between the deepends is the same. To land the seedlings, make a small recess, gently separate the sprout. Put it in a sneaker and pour around the ground. Fingers press the ground around the seedlings. Pour the salad with warm water with watering can.

Iceberg salad - plant care features

After planting seedlings or sowing seed, it is important to adhere to the technology of growing culture. Only subject to all the conditions of care, you can grow a healthy plant in your site.

How to ensure shelter Salat Iceberg

Salad is customary to plant early spring to have time to grow another or a couple of harvests. But in this case, freezing on the ground, which can destroy the seedlings. To prevent this, you should cover young sprouts.

If you landed the salad in the early stages, then use 2 layers of shelter. First, cover the seedlings by agrofluoride, then on top perforated film. After 10 days the top layer is removed. 7-10 days before harvesting the agricultural fiber must be removed at all.

You can water the seedlings from above the shelter, as the special fiber misses moisture. It is important to constantly control the temperature under the agriculture. Too high temperature will not allow Kochanam to form.

If the temperature is over 25 degrees, then the passing material is removed. During the cold nights, seedlings are covered again. Salad should be covered not more than 1 month from the date of the seedlings landing. Fully remove the agrofiber should only be on a cloudy and windless day. Otherwise, the sun's rays burn the gentle lettuce leaves.

In addition to controlling the temperature, also examine the state of sprouts under the shelter. Due to insufficient air intake and small evaporation of moisture in the seedlings may appear malievable dew. In this case, it is necessary to immediately take steps in order not to lose the whole harvest.

Iceberg salad watering schedule

For this type of salad, watering is very important, since the taste qualities of the vegetable and crunch of leaves are directly dependent. If the air temperature exceeds the mark of 25 degrees, then watering must be carried out every day. Otherwise, moisturize the soil through the day.

With arid weather or rains, the irrigation schedule is regulated depending on the state of the soil. So after the rains, I don't need it, and during long lasting sunny days and heat moisturize the soil should be 2 times a day.
Such a graph of watering stick to the moment of formation of Kochanov. After this period, watering is doubled and stops 3-5 days before harvest. It is necessary that the rot is not formed on the plant.
If you grow salad during heat, then water the ground in the evening. Such rules will avoid leaf necrosis. Also that the delicate leaves of the salad do not burn the sun's rays, watering should be carried out early in the morning.

Making feeding Salat Iceberg

To ensure good growth of Iceberg salad, fertilizers are required. But they should be made strictly according to schedule and balanced. At the initial stage, it is important to ensure the growth of seedlings and give to form the Cochan. Therefore, nitrogen-containing drugs are made in 2 stages.

The first feeding is carried out before landing. It is necessary when preparing the soil. The second part of the fertilizer is added to form a coach. The soil is enriched with calcium only in the autumn period.

The remaining fertilizers are made throughout the entire growth of salad. To ensure the leaves, the necessary crunch uses drugs with a magnesium, phosphorus and potassium content. They should be made with complex fertilizers. Act according to the instructions on the packaging of fertilizers.

Conducting soil looser, thinning and wrestling

The timely loosening of the soil makes it possible to provide the roots of the air flow and will allow excessive moisture to pass through the soil faster. The first loosening is carried out only after 3-4 weeks after planting seedlings. This time is necessary for the roots of Rostkov able to root. Otherwise, you can damage them to a garden tool.

After watering and tightening rains on the ground, a crust is formed, which prevents the penetration of water. This contributes to the accumulation of moisture, which can cause fungal diseases of the plant. Therefore, as often as possible, the soil is dragging, especially after the rains.

The breaking of seedlings is necessary for the full formation of salad kochens, as it takes place for their growth. Such a procedure is especially necessary when sowing seeds. Surversing a week after the appearance of sprouts.

The removal of weed plants is also important for growing salad. Weeds not only take part of the nutrient elements in the vegetable, but can also cause garden diseases. Also, weeds are not allowed to fully develop seedlings. It is possible to conduct a weeding during the looping procedure or after watering.

Iceberg Salad - Diseases and Pest

Changes in weather conditions or violation of the rules of growing salad lead to diseases of the plant. First of all, the specified fertilizer dosage should be observed during feeding, especially nitrogen-containing drugs.

In the early stages of growth, young seedlings can hit the fault. To avoid this, timely conduct preventive measures to combat this pest. Process the sprouts with the onion husk. For this, 200 g. The husks need to insist the day in 10 liters. Water, then the resulting solution spawns seedlings.

Important! Use chemicals in the fight against pests and diseases is not recommended, as the leaves of the plant are fully eaten.

Puffy dew can hit lettuce leaves with improper alternation of growing different crops in one place. It is also important during the preparation of the soil to landing to remove the remains of previous plants and burn them.

Vegetable leaves can damage the salad fly and slug. It is possible to fight with the latter only by the mechanical way, by collecting individuals early in the morning. Salad fly is very difficult to remove, as it winter is deep in the soil. It appears in June and puts eggs in the flower of the plant. The larvae of a salad flies eat buds, which leaves the garden without a crop. The garden after the growth of salad carefully plow in the fall or deeply leaving to raise the flour on the surface of the flies.

Iceberg salad - how to collect harvest

Vegetable gardeners are collected in 2 stages. Iceberg salad is suitable also in the form of young leaves. Out them carefully not to damage the main stem. In most cases, the salad is collected after the formation of Kochanov.

To harvest, you will need a sharp knife and a deep box. Kochan is cut under the root, the top row of the leaves is removed and sent to the box. The collected salad must immediately send it to storage in a cool place. This type of vegetable is stored much longer in the refrigerator with the preservation of taste, than its "counterparts".

Iceberg salad - what are the varieties

Vegetable in a ripe form resembles a young white cabbage. Its leaves are placed tightly to each other, have a light shade. Iceberg salad many consumers like the original taste and unusual crunch of leaves. Ogorodnikov also attracts a variety of cultural varieties, among which everyone can choose a salad for themselves depending on the cultivation needs.

Salad Salad Iceberg "Fiorte"

Refers to the early Salad Salad type "Iceberg". The time of ripening of kochens from seeding to the harvest is only 60 days. Experienced gardeners use it for high yields. Each Kochan weighs about 400 g., The leaves are large, smooth and tightly located to each other.
Vegetable leaves thick, but no less juicy and crunchy. They possess a dark green tint and form a nochang of a flat shape. This grade of salad is the most resistant to the amazing of fungal diseases and the formation of the arrows. Well tolerate transportation and can be stored in the refrigerator for about a week, while maintaining your freight look.

Salad Salad Iceberg "Globist"

Salad leaf plates of this variety have a wavy shape, light green color and an enhanced juiciness. The coach of the rounded shape, in appearance resembles a white cabbage and achieves weight to 600 g. More than the rest of the vegetable varieties is popular with consumers. Suitable for growing both in the greenhouse and in the open soil.

Salad Salad Iceberg "Optimist"

Lateuriety Salad variety, which is characterized by high yield. Kochan Round shape with smooth edges, has a lot of about 500 g. The leaf plates are located quite densely among themselves, they have light green. Long retains a commodity look, therefore especially in demand.

Salad Salad Iceberg "Ensembl"

It is considered one of the early grades of salad, the maturation of which is 40 days. Gardeners recommend this type of vegetable for growing all year round. Kochan ripens in loose state (not dense), from which each sheet is well removed. Because of this feature, the head weight rarely reaches 500 g.
Large plate large, oval shape, bright green with small bubbles on the outside. Transportability is average, as the leaves are very fragile and requires a special packaging. It is for this reason that the carriage of vegetable over long distances is not recommended.

Iceberg Salad - Photo in the Garden

Salad "Iceberg" is quite simple to grow in her garden, as it is possible to propagate this type of greenery with seeds or to use seedlings. But at the same time, it is important to comply with not only the rules for planting culture, but also the peculiarities of its cultivation, and also timely process the sprouts from possible diseases and prevent damage to pests.