Seedlings of pepper, landing and care. Growing pepper seedlings - landing, care, feeding. Step-by-step instruction of growing pepper seedlings: conditions, features and recommendations.

The cultivation of pepper seedlings is associated with the knowledge of the characteristics of the culture itself and the implementation of the main agrotechnical techniques.

Temperature, humidity, nutrition, loosening - vital parameters for the growth and development of healthy seedlings. How to plant pepper seedlings? What ground use? Do I need to prepare seeds to sow? How to care for seedlings?

It would seem that such an abundance of questions involves a complex and time-consuming technological process. In fact, it is enough to carefully examine everything induced in the article, rules and recommendations in order to please the surrounding personally grown tasty and healthy vegetables.

Introduction

Pepper is two types: Sweet and bitter.

Sweet pepper, called more vegetable or Bulgarian, has a pleasant sweet taste and a specific aroma. This pepper group is a valuable vegetable culture, widely used in the food industry. The pepper is used in food both in fresh and in recycled form.
Bitter pepper, called sharp or spicy, is distinguished by burning taste and is used more as acute seasoning.

Both types of peppers are characterized by a long period of vegetation. For full maturation, they need at least 90 - 180 days. Naturally, for many regions, such a long warm period is not possible. Then, the only way out of the situation becomes the cultivation of vegetable crops across seedlings, followed by a fit into a soil or greenhouse.

Features of growing pepper seedlings, both sweet and bitter, the same; The main thing is to most accurately comply with all the necessary conditions for agricultural landing and plant care.

Pepper seedlings landing

To grow high-quality pepper seedlings at home, it is necessary to comply with the correct seeding time, pre-prepare soil and seed material, make timely picking to shoot.

So, having permissible, for example, the decisions of the stem, the pepper bush subsequently increasing the green mass, which means it loses its yield.

And, if you hold a pickup in the stage of two leaves, like other seedlings, pepper will stop in growth and will be more susceptible to the root rot.

The successful cultivation technology of pepper seedlings directly depends on the systematic and stable process: from sowing to harvest.

Let's start in order: from the docks of seed seeds to seedlings.

When to sow pepper to seedlings?

Given that the full seedling is formed from 60 to 80 days, the seeds are usually started in February - March. More accurate time can be treated independently, taking into account the specifics of one or another variety of pepper and the climatic zone in which culture is grown.
So, to plant seedlings to the greenhouse at the end of April - it is necessary to sow seeds at the end of February. To land on the garden, under the film or a greenhouse, in the middle of May - sowing starts in about the first half of March. For landing in an unprotected open ground in June - seeds to seedlings are sown at the end of March.
It is not desirable as too early sowing pepper seeds to seedlings (so that the plant does not overwhelm up to landing in open ground), and too late (so that the peppers manage to completely replicate).
Early pepper varieties are ripening for 100-110 days from the moment of planting seeds. Therefore, to get a harvest, for example, at the end of July, seed seed in March or April. Early, medium and late pepper varieties are seeded at seedlings with a difference of 2-3 weeks.
When calculating maturation time, it is necessary to take into account that seedlings need several (from 3 to 5) days to adapt in the open soil. This period is minimized if seedlings are planted from large individual tanks when the natural complex of the Earth is preserved and the root system is practically not injured.
Planting seedlings to a greenhouse or a greenhouse is required 20-25 days earlier than in the open ground.
Many gardeners, choosing time for planting seeds, are also focused on the change of lunar phases displayed in the sowing calendar. According to this calendar, it is impossible to sow seeds in full moon or new moon. The most favorable period for planting any plants, including pepper, is the period of the growing moon.

How to prepare pepper seeds to sow?

At the initial stage of the preparation of the seed material, the seeds need to be examined and sorted. All damaged, empty and blackened instances better remove. It is convenient to pour the seeds with a strong salt solution: the full-fledged seeds will fall, and empty will pop up. Unnecessary seeds are drained, and the axes are washed in water.

The dried selected seeds can be pre-hardening, withstanding them for 3-5 days in the first half of the day in a warm place (+ 20-22ºС), and at night - on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator (+ 3ºС).
Then, seeds are subjected to pre-trend. For this, they are soaked (in a gauze bag) in a solution of any fungicide (Maxim, Vitaros, Phytosporin), according to the instructions. This procedure helps to prevent infection with fungal infections. An alternative replacement of the fungicide can be a saturated pink solution of manganese, in which the pepper seeds are soaked for 20-30 minutes. After routing, the bag with seeds was washed in water.

Often, vegetables are additionally soaked the seeds for the night in the growth stimulator (ideal, epin, Novosyl, zircon), according to the instructions. Instead of a stimulator, a solution of complex mineral fertilizers (microwit, cititut) is also suitable. This procedure is especially relevant for seeds older than 3 years.
Treatment of growth stimulant, a fungicidal preparation and complex fertilizer can be combined in one solution. Seeds in such a mixture are withstanding about 12 hours.
Processed seeds are folded on a wet substrate (march, wool, fabric) for further swelling and skewering. So that the moisture evaporates as little as possible, the seeds are better covering the same layer of the moisturized substrate. Continuous moisturizing and temperature of about + 25 ° C - the main conditions for the successful germination of seeds.

It is impossible to pour seeds with water and leave them in this form for a long time. Not only moisture, but also oxygen is vital for successful germination of seeds. If the bag with seeds and lowered into the water, then through it you need a compressor to constantly pass the air. The duration of this procedure is not more than 5 hours.
A few days later, the proceeding seeds will be ready for landing. It is not necessary to wait for strong germination of the roots, as they are very fragile and painfully carry the slightest damage.
Purchased Draft Seeds (in the Capsule) in such a pre-sowing processing do not need. They already contain the necessary stimulant growth and microfertilitation.

What kind of soil is suitable for pepper sowing?

For sowing pepper seeds, you can use the finished soil mixture or make it yourself. The main thing is that the soil is loose and nutritious.
For the preparation of the soil substrate, it will take humus (overworked compost), peat and sand in a 2: 2: 1 ratio. You can also add 1-2 pieces of the turf.

The resulting mixture is disinfecting with high temperatures (for example, in the oven) or treatment with a weak solution of manganese.
So that the soil become more fertile and nutritious, complex mineral fertilizers (nitroammophos) and wood ash are added to it. One glass of ashes and 1 \\ 4 glasses of fertilizer will need one bucket of soil.

Sowing seed pepper to seedlings

Capacity for seeding seeds is recommended to be pre-treated with a solution of manganese. Fucking prepared soils, it is slightly compacted and do not sleep to the edge of approximately 1.5-2 cm.
On the aligned soil, they carefully cleaned the seeds with an interval of 1.5-2 cm. For these purposes, you can use tweezers.
Too thick germs will shade each other, and rare - will not be rationally used.
From above, the seeds are sprinkled with a small soil layer (up to 2 cm) and lightly condensed.

From above, landing neatly (without washing) watered with water. You can organize a kind of "greenhouse", covering the container with seeds with film or glass. The shelter is removed immediately after the appearance of germs. Prior to that, the container with seeds regularly ventilate and moisturize.

What maker to choose for pepper seedlings?

You can search for seeds to seeds in a wide variety of capacity: containers, peat cups or tablets, special cassettes, disposable pots, drawers, etc.
Given the long-lasting recovery period of pepper after dive, the seeds are best sowing immediately into a separate container. A cups, a diameter and depth of about 10 cm are good. If sowing is carried out in one container (box), you can choose a better spacious container so that when peppering pepper seedlings into open ground can be captured by a fairly large room of the earth.
To grow homemade pepper seedlings perfectly proven peat pills. Tablets are folded into a transparent tray and pour them for swelling with warm boiled water. As soon as they stop absorbed moisture, the excess water is drained, and a small recess (1-1.5 cm) for seed is made on the surface of the tablet. From above, the seeds are sprinkled with soil and tray are covered with glass or film for better germination. Tablets with seedlings, in phase 2-4 leaves, placed in separate pots, filling with the prepared soil.

Plastic cassettes with different cells are also used to grow seedlings. Cells fill soil or put peat pills in them, after which seeds are sown.

How to properly pepper?

Picking in this context denotes the transplantation of seedlings to another container, as a rule, individual. If the seeds are originally planted in separate pots - they do not need to dive them.
There are several ways to peer pepper seedlings, depending on the cultivation conditions. At home, it is better to peer seedlings in the stage of 2 real leaves, drowning out no more than 0.5 cm. For professional greenhouses, another dive method is suitable: in the stage of the seedlings. During this period, the seedlings better tolerate transplantation. At the same time, the plug can be carried out up to seedlist. The difference in the dive is explained by the fact that seedlings on the windowsill still stretches slightly, while the conditions of the greenhouse (a decrease in temperature for shoots, good lighting) allow you to form a short-tight-dense stepper knee, allowing you to painlessly peer seedlings at earlier stages of development.
A pre-start of the procedure, the soil in the container spill well and make it possible to drain the surplus. For transplanting, small disposable containers with soils are prepared. Seedlings when picking should be taken for the sheets, so as not to break the fragile stem, and the second hand hold the earth com. In the prepared deepening, a seedman is placed so that the roots are not bent and poured on top of the soil, slightly sealing it. The root cerv should be at the soil level or deepen into the ground no more than 0.5 cm.
After landing, the seedlings are watered with water and, if necessary, and sedimentation of the soil, sleep the remaining soil.

What kind of pepper seedlings buy?

If you need to buy pepper seedlings in the market or in the store, you need to pay attention, first of all, on its appearance.
The leaves of the purchase of pepper seedlings must be well developed, bright green, without stains, raids and yellowing.
Healthy pepper seedlings looks fresh, with a thickened strong stem, not drooping or too elongated. The root system should also be well developed, without damage, in a moistened earthly coma.

Pepper Care

Care for seedlings implies a period from landing seeds and dive to disembodies formed seedlings into an open ground or greenhouse. The most important parameters during this period are humidity, light, temperature regime and recking plants.

Conditions of growing pepper seedlings

To the heat-loving pepper is important to maintain a permanent temperature regime. The optimal indicator will be the temperature not lower than +25 ⁰C. In cold soil, shoots will germinate badly: unevenly and slowly, seedlings will begin to root and die. After the first germs appeared, crops are transferred to a well-lit place and begin to order seedlings, reducing the temperature to +20 ⁰Happy and +15 ⁰With night.

The first few days, gentle, only those who appeared, shall correspond to direct sunlight.
With insufficient duration of the daylight (less than 12-14 hours), additional artificial lighting of seedlings are organized. If the seedlings are "leaning" to the Sun, periodically need to rotate the container, providing uniform entry of light from all sides.

It is necessary to regularly air the room, while avoiding, drafts and too cold air.
The pepper seedls shows high air humidity, so periodically seedlings spray from the sprayer.

Watering pepper seedlings

Water seedlings need water temperature (or a little warm), estimated during the day.
Watering is modeled: first after 2-3 days so that the water is not stored in the pallet, then, as the seedlings grow, - every day.
Pepper seedls are not desirable both moisture stagnation and a pushed primer.
After irrigation, the soil is better to climb, slightly sprinkled with sand.

Feeding pepper seedlings

Until the seedlings landing in open ground, you need to feed seedlings at least 2 times. The first feeding is carried out 2 weeks after the peak of pepper seedlings (in the formation phase of the first pair of leaves). Next - 2 weeks after the first feeding, in the phase of development of the second pair of leaves.
The feeders are entered in liquid form. After making fertilizers, watering is carried out to wash off the remnants of mineral ingredients and prevent the burn of young leaves.
What is better to feed pepper seedlings? You can buy ready-made erased fertilizers (fastening, suite, agricola, etc.) or make them yourself. Mixing Superphosphate with ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate in the 2: 1.5: 1 ratio and dissolving the mixture in water, it turns out a good nutritional mixture.

Diseases of pepper seedlings, their treatment

If the pepper seedls begins to shut up, and the stem at the base markedly darkens - it is safe to talk about the disease of the seedlings with a black leg. Provocates the development of the disease of the gravity of moisture, cold soil or too thick germs. The prevention of the disease is the disinfection of the soil, containers for seedling, disinfection of the sowing material, compliance with the necessary temperature regime, moderate watering and breaking of shoots. To combat the disease, use drugs based on copper. The affected seedlings, unfortunately, are to be deleted.

If seedlings begin to fade and pepper seedlings are not growing, then the plant is most likely infected with a fungal disease - fusariasis. The prevention measures of the struggle against fungus are the same as the damage to the black leg.
The presence on the ground, at the base of the stems and walls of the container of the gray fluff, indicates the appearance of gray rot. For the treatment of the disease, the affected seedlings are removed, and the remaining seedlings are treated with copper-containing drugs or bacterial fungicides. The prophylactic measure will be spraying seedlings every 10 days with a saturated solution of manganese.
The phytoophula causes dark spots on the stem and leaves. At the first signs of the disease, the seedlings are treated with a solution of iodine or, in the event of a disease progression, a fungicidal drug. Damaged instances are selected.
White spots and a light bloom on seedlings - signs of the appearance of mildew. To combat the disease, the same drugs are used as in the case of a phytoofluoride infection.
For grown peppers at the stage of seedlings, pests are practically not dangerous. Only after planting to open soil, the plant can be attacked with aphids, a spider tick, a bear, etc. A good prophylactic effect against insect pests has regular flipping of planting wood wood.

Problems when growing pepper seedlings

Growing pepper, condition and appearance of the leaves of seedlings often testifies not only about the possible disease, but also about the shortage of any nutrient elements in the soil.
So, yellowed foliage with a gray tint, signals a lack of nitrogen. In turn, the oversupply of this chemical element leads to premature fallout of the barriers and floweries of peppers.
The marble color of the leaves testifies to the lack of magnesium. When lacking in the soil of phosphorus, the lower side of the sheet plate acquires purple tones, and the leaf itself is as if it stretches up.

If the leaves in the pepper seedlings are twisted and dried around the edges - it means that the plant lacks potassium. But it is not necessary to overdo it with this element, since its oversupportment negatively affects the growth and development of seedlings. It is important to comply with the appropriate fertilizer standards recommended in the instructions.

Hardening pepper seedlings

2 weeks before planning seedlings in open ground, seedlings are mandatory subjected to the order procedure.
Hardening, as usual, occurs gradually, with a constantly increasing interval of air stay.
Cannot be seeded on drafts, straight solar rays or in weather, when the air temperature is too low, for example, below + 12-13 ⁰WITH.
During the period of quenching seedlings, the irrigation norms are reduced, and the room temperature is reduced.

Paging of pepper seedlings

An important agrotechnical intake of pepper growing is the piping point of pepper seedlings.
The purpose of the removal of the top of the plant (above 4-6 intersices) is to stimulate the development of the root system of pepper and the growth of steps with future fruits.
The september is carried out during the period of the most intensive growth of the seedlings of the Bulgarian pepper.

Planting pepper seedls into ground

Education in the seedl of the pepper of the first buds and the presence of 8-9 leaves indicate the availability of the plant to landing for a garden, in open ground. As a rule, the age of seedlings during this period is about 2 months. In this case, the average daily temperature on the street should be established at least +15 ⁰WITH.
On the eve of planting seedlings, seedlings are abundantly watered with water.
Before planting pepper seedlings to a permanent place, it is necessary to prepare properly ground in the garden. To do this, in the fall, the land is drunk, peat, compost or humus. In the spring, the surface of the soil is spilled, complex mineral fertilizers add and disinfected the bed with a solution of copper sulphate (1 tbsp. At 8-9 liters of water).
Experienced gardeners are recommended to additionally add 1 tbsp to each well. Mineral fertilizer, thoroughly stirring it from the ground.

How to plant pepper seedlings? In the moistened wells, trying to preserve the natural square of the earth and not injure the roots, transplanted the grown seedlings of pepper seedlings.
The wells for pepper seedlings are made with an approximate interval of 40-50 cm between seedlings, and 60 cm in a bent. For low and mediteralous pepper varieties, the distance can be slightly reduced. With a decrease in temperature below +13 ⁰C, landed seedlings are covered with a film (with arcuate fastening).

When landing seedlings, it is necessary to ensure that the root neck is at the level of the soil surface. Landing is better to climb peat.
Planting pepper seedlings, as a rule, are carried out in the afternoon, in the evening. With cloudy weather you can land plants and in the morning.

Planting pepper seedlings in greenhouse

Pepper varieties intended for cultivation in protected ground are planted in a greenhouse or greenhouse.
Soil in the greenhouse should be fundamentally from +15 ⁰C, with preliminary introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers.
The readiness of seedlings and the rules of planting pepper seedlings in the greenhouse is no different from sitting on the seedlings to open ground.
The main treatment of seedlings in the greenhouse is to comply with the temperature regime (+15 ⁰At night and +20 ⁰Happy), Regular watering, feeding and loosening. In addition, it is important to regularly venture the greenhouse, and in a strong heat - shadow.

Thus, correctly performing all the recommendations on the cultivation of pepper seedlings: from the preparation of seeds to sow before disembarking directly into the ground, it is possible without much effort to ensure yourself and your family a good harvest of homemade pepper.