To date, there are quite many potato varieties. But not all are good for landing in our conditions. In addition, you need to know what kind of better pick up. Most of the whole harvest is obtained in the cultivation of varieties that have been selected taking into account climate and soil type. In addition, it is important to consider the length of the growth period and the temperature regime at this time.
Content
Selection of landing
First of all, you need to pay attention to the following properties of varieties:
- How much time is required for ripening.
- How much in the fruits of useful substances.
- As far as the type of culture is resistant to illness and unfavorable conditions.
Potato varieties are distinguished by maturation timing. So, on this classification can be allocated:
- early (ripening after 50-65 days),
- medium (Harvesting after 65-90 days),
- medieval (the crop will be about 90-110 days),
- medium Ampodium (potatoes can be digging only after 110-125 days),
- late variety (the crop will be only after 125 days or more).
It is not recommended to plant only one grade on the plots. It is advisable to choose them in the rapidness. For example, the early grade of potatoes usually better use moisture reserves that were accumulated in the soil in the first summer months. The secondary varieties of this culture in full take water from precipitation dropping out at the end of summer. That is, different varieties are able to adapt to various weather conditions and nutrition.
In addition, if you put several types of potatoes on the site, which are sleeping at different times, this will reduce the likelihood of certain dangerous diseases in plants, for example, phytoofluorosis. It has long been known that the degree of infection and the conditions for the defeat of these ailments have a direct dependence on the stages of the development and sustainability of the planting culture.
The cultivation of an early grade makes it possible to get a crop with a good taste in the first half of summer. In the early species of this culture, tubers begin to form in 40-46 days. Thus, by the end of June, it will be possible to dig a harvest. This potato contains quite a lot of useful substances, in particular Vitamin C.
If a variety has a longer ripening time, then it usually has a higher harvest than an early view. In such a potato, many starch, dry substances and protein. At the same time, it has a good taste. Below will look at some of the existing early potato varieties.
Description of species and varieties
Imagine your earliest varieties of potatoes, photos and their description.
Bryansk grader
This is a rather popular early grade. It is distinguished by smooth and long tubers. At the same time, the eyes in such fruits are superficial. Therefore, when cleaning waste, it turns out at least. This variety is not bad to carry low temperatures at which tubers can even form. If all the recommendations are complied with the cultivation, then from one weave you can get 1.3 tons of crop.
It is worth noting that this grade is well amenable to dip and looser. Pulberry with white pulp usually have a correct oval shape, and they have a mesh skin. This type of culture is distinguished by durability to various diseases. In particular, to cancer and wet rot. This variety grows well in almost any types of soil. At the same time, it relates well to making fertilizers, provided that they will be added to the soil, below the place where the uterine tubers are located. After harvesting, this potato is well stored.
Zhukovsky variety
According to taste, this is one of the best varieties of early potatoes. Tubers have pink color. At the same time, the eyes are superficial. When cooking fruits do not become blue. This potato can germinate even at low temperatures. This variety is known to be resistant to various diseases. In addition, it is able to do for a long time without water, which is useful for survival during drought. This variety usually gives high yields with different soils and climates. From a hundred under due conditions, it is possible to obtain up to 1.6 tons of crop. The fruits are kept very well.
Grade Zarya
Another early grade potatoes. Description: It has white fruits of a rounded shape with small eyes. This species is resistant to many ailments. Including phytoofluorosis, cancer, bacterios and viral diseases. Tubers of this potato quickly germinate. Therefore, if the cold returned, then the existing shoots need to fall asleep the earth. This allows not only to save the crop, but also helps to form additional roots and shoots.
Grade Price
This variety refers to medium. Its white tubers usually have a rounded shape and small eyes, which are located on the top of the tuber. Fruits, by the way, are known to be resistant to mechanical damage. This type of culture can be used for growing almost all types of soil. At the same time, it is resistant to various diseases, including cancer, rhizoconiosis, a passm and a black leg. From one weaving under normal conditions, you can collect up to 1.1 tons of crop. After collecting the fruits are quite well stored and for a long time.
Variety reserve
Medium grade. His tubers are usually white with smooth skin. Eye, as a rule, small. The fruits of this variety are sufficiently resistant to damage. Even with prolonged freezers, they are immune to many diseases. If early sections appeared during the frosts, then to save them, it is recommended to focus the soil. This will allow additional roots that, in turn, increases yield.
This variety is quite resistant to different diseases. Including bacterial diseases, phytoofluorosa, cancer, as well as the paschers. In addition, this type of culture is well tolerated both the deficit and oversupply of moisture. It is still to elevated temperatures. From one weaving at the end of the season, you can collect up to 1.4 tons of potatoes crop. The fruits of this variety contains a lot of plant starch. At the same time, during cooking, they crumbly and if they are heat treatment, then they do not become blue. Vintage is very well stored.
How to prepare landing material
There are three ways to prepare the planting material. Among them:
- germination of tubers in the light, in the dark or wet germination;
- cultivation of seedlings;
- infringement of fruits.
Growing on light is usually carried out indoors. In this case, the air temperature is set at 13-14 degrees Celsius. Here they have to stay at least 24-36 days. Seeds for germination can be placed, for example, in drawers, bags or plastic bags.
Another way is the cultivation of early potatoes from seedlings. This method compared to others is quite complicated, but very effective and allows you to get the earliest harvest of potatoes. Using the seedlings method, the tubers first germinate, after which, in early April, they are tightly fit into containers, then the earth or peat crumbs are falling asleep. Even the easiest greenhouse is suitable for seedlings. For this, the main thing is to find a quiet solar place where you need to make a bed with a width of about 1.2 m. When the site is aligned, the fruits are in close to each other, and then sprinkled with peat or ground. Finished beds need to pour and hide. After that, watering should be carried out regularly. If during this tuber exposed, they need to be sprinkled again with a layer of peat or land. Shoots must reach 110 mm, after which they are put together with maternity tubers in the soil. Under good conditions, in particular, in the absence of frosts, by mid-June it is possible to get the first harvest. Seedlings can be soldered without maternal tuber. To do this, the bush is divided by pulling out the stalks along with the roots. Each of them landed separately. Maternal tubers can be planted as ordinary potatoes. If it is too dry land, then the seedlings can be pouring.
Early potatoes are best growing on the lungs heated soils. It is even better if legumes of crops, corn and cruciferous grew on the site earlier. Organic fertilizers must be necessarily made before falling down the fruit. It is necessary not only as a power source, but also to improve the thermal mode of soil. So, for example, if you have been made, then from this soil will become more loose and, therefore, it will be better to warm up. These conditions are very favorably affected by the growth of early potatoes. Mineral fertilizers should be entered only in small quantities. Otherwise, a period of vegetation can be delayed, and, therefore, the yield will decrease. Potash and phosphate feeders are preferably made in autumn. As a last resort, before planting early potatoes.
The third way is to inflate tubers. The main advantage is simplicity. After all, in order to get sprouts, it takes quite a bit of time. But it is not as effective as other ways. Wire tubers can be in the open area. For this, they are laid out under the sunny rays with a smooth thin layer. At night, the fruit should be covered until the morning.
With any of the ways on the tubers, well-developed sprouts should appear before disembarking. In moderate latitudes, it is possible to germinate in late March. If everything is done correctly, then by the end of April there should be small shoots. So that the sprouts appear on the whole club, the fruit is recommended to periodically turn to the light.
Planting potatoes
The best way to plant potatoes is a landing of tubers. Growing seeds is a much less effective method and more time-consuming. To increase the likelihood of obtaining an early potato harvest, it is recommended to prepare for landing exclusively healthy and proven seating materials of early grades. At the same time, the weight of the planting tubers should be at least 1000 grams.
The order of landing:
- Approximately 21 days before the start of the boarding works of the tubers who were selected last year for landing, it is necessary to get out of the pit and decompose on the boxes. It is necessary in order for them to be encouraged and warmed. Thanks to this, the fruits are sprinkled with eyes. Behind the sprouts must be followed, they should not stretch.
- The average length of potato sprouts is 10 mm. After laying out glowed tubers in the boxes a week before landing, they should be sprinkled with wood sawdust or peat crumb. Later can be moisturizing with mineral fertilizer with solution.
- After that, the temperature should be maintained within +16 degrees. If everything is done correctly, the shoots will appear in less than two weeks.
- Large tubers are allowed to cut into parts. It is important that at least two eyes remain on each part. The weight of the part should be at least 45 gr. You need to cut the fruits in advance so that the location of the cut will operate.
- In order for the fruits to sprout faster, it is recommended to sprinkle them with chimney or sprinkle with a solution of copper sulphate. The landing time is focused as the soil warms.
- It is possible to plant only after the soil at a depth of 10 cm warms at least up to 8 degrees. However, if potatoes are already gentle, it can be planted in a soil and at a lower temperature. If the soil is too wet, then the landing should be at an elevation of approximately 11 cm. This will improve the air and thermal soil mode. If the soil is light, then the sublime mound can not be done.
- Potatoes is planting in the ranks, the distance between which should be at least 0.7 m. Large tubers are allowed to be perige and less.
- To speed up the ripening for several days, it is possible when forming buds to spray a plant with a solution of 0.005% sodium humate, which is called growth stimulant.
This vegetable culture during the growing is needed quite a lot of water. If the soil is heavy, then you need to wipe carefully, so as not to overcoat it. Potato care includes ripening of rifles, dipping and combating weeding grass.
Harvest
Remove the harvest is necessary before stable frost begin. It is advisable to do it in warm and dry weather. Remember that potatoes will be stored longer if there is no damage on it.
Approximately a week before the start of cleaning it is necessary to mock the tops. Thanks to this, the tubers will come to a large number of nutrients. This will still increase their safety. Potatoes can be digging with a whistle. Dig better between rows, so you will reduce the likelihood of tuber damage. Recommended immediately during cleaning to select the fruits for the next landing. They can, for example, assemble in a separate box. But it is impossible to immediately lay the dug potatoes for storage. After cleaning, you need to wait at least 10 days. During this time, potatoes will divert. If during cleaning the tubers got wrecks, then during this time they should heal.
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