Beijing cabbage: cultivation and care. The cultivation of the Beijing cabbage. How to grow a Beijing cabbage on its plot.

Beijing cabbage appeared in our areas relatively recently, and has already managed to love many, as it is characterized by a gentle juicy taste without a mustard and is an excellent basis for the preparation of various dishes. This rapid culture is completely unpretentious - despite this, to obtain a full-fledged harvest, it is necessary to take into account some of the features of its cultivation.

Content

What is the Beijing cabbage

The first mentions of this plant date back to the V century N. NS. His inhabitants of China began to grow, over time it moved to Japan. In both countries, Beijing cabbage (Petsay) was actively cultivated for many centuries, the result of its hybrids was derived. In the XVIII century, this vegetable culture also appeared in Europe. In the middle of the last century, the rapid commercial varieties of Petsay, distinguished by excellent yield, were created by the Japanese. A few years ago, Beijing (Salataya) cabbage began to cultivate in our latitudes, soon she filled out the counters of supermarkets and won wide popularity from the owners. Petsay can be eaten in fresh form, as well as stew, cook and marine.

The kochans of such cabbage are distinguished by a special juiciness and gentle taste. In addition, it is extremely useful, since rich in nutrients. According to the content of ascorbic acid, as well as the protein "Pekinka" significantly surpasses a white-born relative and a leaf salad. In addition, it can be used for dietary food, as it helps to improve the water-salt exchange, strengthen the heart muscle and vessels. Petsay dishes are also useful if there is gastritis or stomach ulcers.

Features of the cultivation of Beijing cabbage

Petsay is traditionally grown as an annual plant. In our climate, it can be cultivated in open ground either in greenhouses. In the process of growing the Beijing cabbage, some of its characteristic features should be taken into account. This plant is cold-resistant, seeds can germinate at temperatures slightly above zero. Salad cabbage loves light and moistened soil, prefers coolness and frequent watering by sprinkling. If there are suitable conditions, for about two months, Petsay forms a coach with a rosette of leaves up to 55-60 cm long, resembling a salad rather than cabbage.

In the process of cultivation and care for the Beijing cabbage, it is necessary to repel from the following information - favorable for the development and growth of this plant is the temperature from 15 to 21 ° C, in the heat and in the presence of a ridicular soil of a rude harvest should not be waited. In addition, in the event of a long-term daytime day, a premature appearance of flowers may be observed, in such cases, instead of juicy kochanov, it is possible to obtain only seeds. Thus, in order to avoid the appearance of the arrows, it is necessary to properly select the timing of Petsay. It is recommended to plant it either in spring in April, when the weather is allowed, or in the second half of July summer - during this period the light day is shortened. It is worth noting that the varieties of Petsay, resistant to the appearance of the arrows - in this regard, were quite well shown by Dutch hybrids.

In general, this vegetable culture is distinguished by randomness, however, there are its varieties with various timing of the aging of kochanov. Early species are kept after 7-8, average - after 8-9, later - after 9-12 weeks. List varieties are matured noticeably faster than the coat, but the latter are beneficial to taste quality.

Planting Beijing Cabbage

It is possible to grow a salad cauldron, while planting seeds into the open soil or with the help of seedlings. The selection depends on the season, as well as on specific climatic conditions.

Growing seedlings

Accelerate the growth of salad cabbage and reduce the ripening period is easy, growing it in spring through seedlings. To get an early harvest, seeds should be sown in early April. Since this culture does not tolerate the transplant very well and is rooted in a new place for a long time, it is preferable to grow seedlings in individual cups or in peat tablets. To grow this seedlings, loose soil is suitable - for example, it is possible to use a squeezed turf (1: 1) mixed with peat peat.

Seeds will need to deepen 0.5-1 cm, pour and leave in a dark place for several days. After 2-3 days, shoots will appear, then it will be necessary to move the containers with the seedle in a well-lit place. In conditions of insufficient illumination until several leaves appear, it is recommended to apply the lamps of daylight - they will be needed to include 10-12 hours per day. For seedlings, moderate watering and loosening will also be needed. Saplings will be ready for landing on the bed around 4 weeks. A few days before the planned transplantation, watering seedlings should be stopped. After the appearance of 4 real leaves (approximately by the beginning of May), it will be possible to move seedlings into open ground.

Disembarking seeds in open ground

For the landing of Petsay, select a plot with sufficient illumination. The best predecessors of this culture are onions and garlic, sita, legumes and grain, as well as potatoes, cucumbers and carrots. It is not recommended to plant it after the cabbage, tomatoes, radish and radister. When planning, how to grow a Beijing cabbage, it is also worth considering the following. This plant does not tolerate the acidic soil, so the soil under the disembarkation of the Beijing cabbage should be prepared from the fall - to make a dolomite flour into it or by performing lime.

Pumping seeds of Beijing cabbage is not required. It is necessary to prepare the wells at a distance of 25-30 cm from each other, add to each 0.5 liter of the mortar solution, 2 tbsp. l. ash and 1 tbsp. l. urea. Between the rows, the distance of about 40 cm should be withstanding - before the kochan of a salad cabbage, the leaves take place for growth. In addition, the presence of free space acts as one of the necessary measures to avoid the appearance of the arrows. Having abscesantly watering the wells, you should wait until water is absorbed. After that, they can put the seeds in them, deepening them at a distance of 1.5- 2 cm. Next, it will be necessary to sprinkle a garden of ashes. In addition, it is recommended to cover the beds with a film or nonwoven canvas. It should be noted that young Petzay sprouts poorly tolerate the temperature differences and cold, can bend from excess moisture. The covering material will protect them from moving and the appearance of an excessive amount of moisture. After 4-6 days it will be possible to observe germs. After warming a film covering the beds, it is necessary to remove.

Beijing Cabbage Care

Salad cabbage is quite unpretentious, and in the presence of suitable conditions quickly grows up to the desired size.

Sequencing

To get a full yield of Kochanov, you will need to do the following procedures for care to Beijing cabbage:

after a couple of weeks after landing in the ground, it is necessary to produce plants to facilitate the access of oxygen and the penetration of moisture to their roots. After 2 weeks, the procedure should be repeated;
it is also recommended to make a mulching of the beds with peat or humus. This measure will allow maintaining the optimal level of soil moisture, as well as to avoid breeding weeds;
as well as the usual white cabbage, Petsay should be periodically watering, supporting the moderate humidity of the soil. It is worth noting that during its convergence of plants can be rotated;
beijing cabbage is a very responsive to non-corneous feeding - after the appearance of two real leaves, it will be necessary to dilute 0.5 h. or 1/2 tablets of complex fertilizers in a liter of water and spray from this plant solution;
after a couple of weeks after it landing on the beds it is necessary to make natural fertilizers - the infusion of 4:10 or chicken litter 1:25, at the rate of one liter under each bush. With an early landing, you will need to produce 2-3 similar feeding, in the summer there will be enough 1-2;
some gardeners for stimulating the growth of kochanov practicing also spraying the petsay with a weak solution of boric acid. To do this, it will take 2 g of it to dissolve in a small amount of hot water, and then add up to 10 liters cold.

Diseases and pests of salad cabbage

This vegetable culture is often susceptible to the appearance of diseases - false mildew, mucous bacteriosis, as well as a black leg. In addition, Petsay can attack pests in the form of cabbage flies, phon, snails. Cruccetic midges, as well as slugs, were especially chosen. This problem is easier to prevent than to eliminate - for this, after the appearance of shoots, they should be processed using spraying as a solution of ash. In addition, it should be noted that cruciferous midges are missing in spring and by the end of the warm season, so it is necessary to observe the timing of Petsai landing.

To the methods of combating this pest should also be attributed:

showering beds ash to plant planting;
covering them with nonwoven canvas;
compliance with the rules of the sowing turnover - it is not recommended to plant Petsay where the cross-color plants (radish and radishes, Daikon, as well as mustard and cabbage) have previously grown. It should be noted that the larvae of this midges are able to winter in the ground and multiply in spring;
prevent the emergence of cruciferous midges possible using mixed planting. To do this, the cabbage salad planted next to potatoes, tomatoes or cucumbers, also fit the onion and garlic, petunias.

If cruciferous midges still managed to attack crops petsay should be dusted with a mixture of ash with tobacco dust (1: 1). Additionally, you can spray them with a solution of biological products "bitoksibatsillin" or "Fitoverm". In cases of severe attack by pests will have to use chemicals - in this case it should be noted that they can be used not less than one month before the planned harvest.

For combating slugs used for broadcasting a special blend of plant ash 1.5 glasses with red pepper and salt (2 tablespoons) and dry mustard (1 tablespoon). In addition, you can use the following method - spread out on beds with Chinese cabbage leaves of burdock or board. When the slugs would climb for them, they need to destroy.

Harvesting and storage

Petsay crop can be harvested to obtain a green for salad (after the formation of the socket 10 larger leaves longer than 10 cm), or waiting for their closure at the top of a full-fledged dense and maturation of head. Vegetative salad cabbage period of about two months, the weight of head matured average reaches 1 - 1,2 kg. Planted in the early spring plants used for summer consumption - it is desirable to immediately eat, because they are not suitable for long term storage. Planted in the second half of the summer salad cabbage harvest yields, which can be stored until the winter holidays, and sometimes longer. Mature plants petsay different resistance to frosts, withstanding temperatures up to - 4 ° C. Thus, there is no need to hurry with the harvest - it is possible to leave the cabbage in the beds until about the middle of autumn.

Store salad cabbage, cabbage as its relative, necessary at a temperature from 0 to + 5 ° C. To prevent moisture loss, cabbages laid horizontally (not too tight) into boxes lined with perforated foil. They should be put in rows, leaving gaps between the vegetables.