With the onset of autumn, rude work did not end. For some crops, autumn is the perfect time to land. One of their such cultures is winter garlic.
Content
Garlic varieties
According to the planting method there are 2 types of garlic - winter and spring. Consider the main differences, the knowledge of which will not be mistaken with the choice of grade for planting.
Winter garlic, features:
- landing of winter garlic is made in autumn,
- form of bulbs - large cloves in one row, pronounced arrow,
- yield is steadily high,
- the firmness is weak, not suitable for winter storage.
Summer garlic, features:
- skin garlic landing is produced in spring
- the shape of the bulbs - a lot of small teeth in several rows, in most varieties there is no arrow,
- yield is usually lower than that of winter
- the burn is excellent.
In addition, garlic varieties are distinguished and according to the method of reproduction, since winter garlic can multiply as slices and seeds. Skivar garlic is multiplied only by slices, since the arrow with seeds does not form such a garlic.
Landing of winter garlic
Material for landing
As a planting material, garlic heads are used, unsumed for the summer. Winter garlic is poorly stored, therefore it makes no sense to store the harvest until winter, by this time the head of garlic will become sluggish and they will lose both the appearance and fragrance and all their useful properties.
To land the head of garlic, disassembled into parts, while selecting beautiful and smooth teeth without visible defects and damage. The arrow and donyshko are thrown out, because if the bottom is left on a teeth, it will prevent the root to the roots and the development of bulwing will be delayed.
To get new varieties on its bed, winter garlic is bought for landing in the fall, shortly before landing, when the quality of the planting material is best. After all, the heads acquired in advance due to improper departure to autumn can lose landing qualities.
You can buy both garlic heads and one-dollars grown from seeds. For the season, the same full-fledged head of garlic will grow as out of her slices. As a rule, a higher-quality harvest grows out of the one-grazing, and such a garlic is sick less often. That is why once in 3-4 years it is recommended to fully update the seating material, growing a single dollars for planting from the seeds of winter garlic.
Before boarding, the slices per day are placed in a pink solution of manganese for the prevention of fungal diseases.
Place landing
Groaning under winter garlic should be on a dry sunny place where there will not accumulate melting water during thaw or spring melting of snow.
Garlic deplets the soil, so he does not grow two years in a row in one place. After it, cultures are sled, demanding nitrogen, such as tomatoes, eggplants, peppers. Do not put it after Luke, potatoes, as these cultures, like garlic, deplete potassium reserves in the soil. In addition, the onions and potatoes can leave the controversy of the diseases that are subject to garlic.
Dates of planting winter garlic
Sit winter garlic a month before the onset of the first frost so that he could form the root system, but did not have time to grow greens. Typically, the landing time varies from late September until the end of October-beginning of November, depending on the region and the characteristics of a specific year, therefore, when a cooling occurs, when the temperature is held for several days lower below + 10 ° C, it is planted. Some gardeners are gardens in order to determine when planting winter garlic, focus on the lunar calendar of planting winter garlic.
Landing
Grocery is looked at the depth of the bayonet shovel in advance, well breaking the soil. Popple is made compost, humus. The surface of the garden for winter landings of garlic is aligned, cultivated. On the finished garden, the grooves form a depth of 7-10 cm, the distance between the rows is 25-30 cm. When choosing the optimal distance, they are focused on the convenience of caring for a garden during weeding. In the northern regions it is recommended to land at a depth of 15 cm.
The garlic teeth are located in the garden at a distance of 8-10 cm. If the land is too dry during the landing, the grooves before planting are very watered. The planting lows without efforts are installed on the bottom of the furrows and bury. The soil surface is mulched by a humus or compost to prevent crop freezing in winter frosts.
Winter garlic: cultivation and care
Care breaks in the cold season
Garlic easily transfers frost to -25 ° C, with a lower temperature, mulching or shelter is the necessary measure of the preservation of the future harvest.
Caring for loyalty garlic in the spring-summer period
During the growing season, the beds are regularly enhanced, getting rid of weeds and exploding the soil.
Together with the formation of an overhead green part arrow is formed. First, the arrow appears a peculiar flower of garlic, then seeds are formed - many little children. At the first stage, the arrow is twisted, then it straightens.
In order for underground, a good big head of garlic is formed, the arrows climb when they are still twisted. Leave arrows only on those plants from which they want to collect seeds.
Collection of seeds of winter garlic
Winter garlic - a plant with a two-year development cycle. Growing the head of the slices, the cycle is reduced to a year, and, nevertheless, it is sometimes necessary to get garlic seeds to update the varietal planting material.
The fact is that garlic seeds are developing on the upper above-ground part of the plant, so they are not amazed by diseases typical of lows. Timely update, as well as the annual change of the location of the beds help to avoid the defeat of garlic fungal diseases, because even on the contaminated bed, the seeds will be healthy, but the teeth can be unsuitable for landing.
When the arrows of garlic straightened, the seed collection time comes. For this, the plants dig up, bind and stored in a dry warm place, for example, in the attic of the house. Then the heads with garlic are separated, and from the arrows gently collect seeds.
If you do not dig up the plants on time and leave them to ripen on the garden, you can miss the seed aging time. In this case, they will be pulled out on the ground and in the spring will germinate with thick beams of small plants, which, however, can be used as the first greens. But collecting garlic seeds rather difficult from the ground.
The cultivation of garlic from seeds allows not only to improve the grade, but also get an additional planting material. After all, from one head of winter garlic, there will be only 5-12 teeth, and one arrow with seeds gives up to hundreds of small seeds. Seeds, like a teeth, are sulking in bed in the fall.
Cleaning of winter garlic
Signs of ripening garlic:
- lower leaves wish
- the arrows straightened.
The collected crop is dried in the beams, then cut the roots and arrows.
With a premature collection, garlic head is hardly divided into teeth, garlic footer from this below. In case of late collection, the head of some varieties is scattered right in the ground, and the teeth will germinate.
When growing from seeds, you can not dig an annual harvest, but to leave it in the ground until next year, but practice shows that if you dig one-year lows, dry, then put them again, the yield will increase.
Sorts of winter garlic
In winter garlic, there are many varieties, each has its own varietal characteristics. It should be noted that any grade of winter garlic has good frost resistance and yields, so when choosing, first of all, it is necessary to focus on the qualities you need, such as disease resistance, head size, fierce. Consider some varieties for example.
Alkor - a variety of average ripening time. High-threshold. Heads are dense, pinkish purple. Taste sharp. Frost resistance high. The firmness is good, as for winter garlic. In a bowl of up to 5 teeth, a mass of lows - 15-30 grams.
Lubash is a medieval, high-yielding grade. Buddles are rounded, slightly flashed, the teeth are practically white, with purple strokes. Winter hardiness high. The firmness is good, in one lows up to 7 teeth, the mass of the bowl reaches 80-120 grams.
Moscow region is the middle, a yield variety. Lobs are flat crooked, white teeth with purple stripes. Winter hardy and disease-resistant variety. Zubkov in a bulb - up to 7, the taste sharp, the burn is good, the mass of up to 60 grams.
Garlic: Diseases and pests
The main rule for the prevention of diseases and receipt of the annual harvest is not to plant a culture for the same place more often than once every 4-5 years.
Diseases of garlic
Garlic helminthosporiosis: brown cannon spots appear on the teeth's diagon, which acher with time, gradually head rotates. Wholes are sick of white grade garlic. The disease is caused by the mushroom, infection comes from other infected plants or from the soil. With high humidity, the plant perishes faster.
The plants infected with gelminososporiosis are removed, the planting material is treated with fungicides to prevent the disease transfer to a new section. It is recommended to process the entire newly purchased planting material for the prevention.
Rinch of the Donets of Garlic (Fusariosis): During the ripening period, the plant quickly dies raids, the bulbs are covered with a white mushroom, softens and rotates. The disease can develop after damage to pests or sail during weeding. The fungus is activated in the hot season, at a temperature of from + 28 ° C.
Patients with fusarium plants are removed, the rules of the crop rotation are observed, after harvesting the heads are inspected and dry well. Conduct annual processing of garlic and bow storage.
Pest of garlic
Lukova Fly leaves his larvae at the base of garlic stems. Developing, larvae feed on plant juice, so garlic leaves are yellow.
To combat the larvae of flies of fairly folk remedies: 200 grams of salts are bred in a bucket of water and treated with a variety of beds with plants.
Stickless nematodes: one of the most malicious pests affecting onions and garlic. There are no struggle methods that provide 100% get rid of the pest, since after assembling the crop or death of the plant, nematodes go into the soil and are able to live in the soil until 5 years without meals. Stems affected by nematodes of plants are yellow and twisted, the lows are cracking and puments.
The plant diseases are deleted, acidic soils are lime. On the contaminated soil do not plant onions and garlic at least 5 years. The planting material is heated at temperatures up to 48 ° C for 10 hours.
The cultivation of winter garlic is a pretty simple task with which even the most unreigned newcomer will cope. Perhaps this is one of the plants that is present in each garden or garden. Even without care, the garlic grows annually and sees. That's just this cultivation in a wild form gives small heads with small storage time. It is worth a very little work for the sake of obtaining a quality harvest.
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