Coloniary fruit trees appeared in our gardens a couple of decades ago. Such low-spirited apple trees are compact and original form are a real decoration of the garden plot. They can be raised literally on a small block of land, both seedlings and in the form of grafted seedlings. In the presence of the necessary care, including the spring trimming, colon-shaped apple trees can give a good harvest - during the fertile period, deciduous columns will be literally rusked by fruits.
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Features of colonum apple trees
Colon's apple trees are essentially the original hybrid of the classic apple tree that appeared in the mid-60s as a result of a random mutation - in Canada on a 50-year-old tree. The gardener discovered an unusual branch on it and demonstrated it to local breeders. Subsequently, according to the overall agreement, such a weary clone of the apple tree was successfully reproduced for further hybridization and cultivation. In our latitudes, Colon's apple trees have not appeared too long ago and have already managed to conquer adherents in the face of gardeners. The garden from these low-spirited trees looks decorative and very original, besides, thanks to the features of development, it can be superlitting it to a small area.
As can be seen from the name, for these trees, the development of the barrel without powerful side branches is in the form of a column, which can be gradually formed using competent trimming. Some difficulties in care are fully compensated by the excellent harvest, which is not difficult to collect - for this you do not have to climb on a tree or mess with a fruit. With the implementation of the necessary care for colonia apple trees, a plentiful fruitful garden can be grown in a small area.
Care for a colonum apple tree
In the presence of a competent approach of a gardener, including watering, feeding, protection against diseases and pests, as well as overwhelming in winter frosts, in the first year after planting a seedling, a colonum-like apple tree is grew up to 30-40 cm, as well as several side shoots. At the bottom of such a tree from each kidney, several leaves develop, in the same place the kidney will form under the future harvest. In the first year, most colon-shaped apple trees do not give a crop, but next year it is possible to expect fruiting, which may later continue for 10-15 years. By the second-third year of development, such a tree will give an increase of about 40-50 cm, as well as form delicious fruits, filling skeletal branches like sea buckthorn.
For the full development of colonum apple trees, it is required to provide them with suitable care, including:
- regular irrigation - for this, drip irrigation is optimally suitable, or trees should be water in 2-3 days. In addition, to create optimal conditions, you will need to organize the mulching of the soil (best with straw, as it perfectly holds moisture and does not deteriorate for a long time). It is necessary to take into account that before the winter period, the mulch will need to be removed so that it does not have the refuge of small rodents;
- fighting diseases (in the form of plenty, tweezers, and especially chosen colon-shaped apple clads of Schlechtendel) - using spraying by biological preparations and pesticides;
- loading the soil - it is used in addition to mulching or instead. Since the colon-hair apple tree has gentle and weak roots, which can be accidentally damaged, even with ordinary soil trample, around such trees sighs cereal crops to strengthen the soil. Periodically, these cereals will need to be rigged. In addition, with the goal of repeating small rodents near the colonum apple trees, melissa, mint or dill can be sang.
In the first year after landing a colonum apple tree, it is recommended to pull out all the floral bouquets that appear on it. A year later, when the tree is growing slightly, you can try to collect several fruits from it. In the future, the apple tree will be fruit abundantly. It is worth carefully tracking this process - if in the new season of fruiting apples sharply crushed compared to the crops of past years, this means that the tree is overloaded with fruits. In this case, it will be necessary to make an artificial rationing of the crop - for this it is necessary to accurately pull out some of the flowers with the next bloom, trying not to damage the leaves and leaving on every beat twice the bouquets than you plan to get fruits. After the appearance of the launch, the flowers gradually thin so that by the time of the development of fruits with a walnut of them remains on the fruit link a small amount.
How to cut colon's apple trees
When leaving a colonum apple tree, it is important to take into account some features characteristic of a given low tree. Experienced gardeners argue that the upper kidney does not require trimming. A column-shaped form in such trees causes a special gene - developing naturally, this apple tree grows into a low pyramidal column with side branches resembling a mini-poplar or cypress. Thus, it is necessary to determine if you can intervene in the process of developing a tree using trimming, or limit yourself to the minimum piece of side branches. It is still worth considering that without trimming a colon-hair apple tree can develop into a conventional dwarf tree with a branched crown.
What do you need trim
If you want to get a strict beautiful "column", the tree is worth helping a little, cutting the spring side shoots. Such trimming will contribute to the regulation of their growth and the formation of the correct column crown.
In addition, with the use of pruning colonum apple trees, you can get the following advantages:
- with the supersatural placement of trees, thus can be avoided by the confounding of their branches;
- old branches can be rejected or replaced by their new shoots;
- young apple branches are strengthened;
- as a result of thinning the crown of a colonum apple tree, its fruits will later receive maximum nutrition and light - and therefore the crop will be more abundant.
The main feature of the colonum apple trees is their slaughterhouse (dwarfship), which is due to the disadvantage of growth hormones. Such a tree to some extent can compensate for this phenomenon, throwing out a significant amount of flower kidney, including placed directly on the main trunk. To obtain the central strong and most fruitless trunk of the apple, it is necessary to get rid of weakening side branches. The formation in the form of a column will allow growing these trees is quite densely - at a distance of about 0.8-1 m, as a result, the yield of the garden will increase significantly.
Rules trim colon-shaped apple trees
Experienced gardeners argue that the main rule of the colon-shaped apple trees is as follows - the more branches of the tree will be shred, the more active the remaining. When planning, how to cut colon's apple trees in the spring, it is worth considering that they are armed with garden scissors and start the formation of the crown before the period of the active movement of juices. If necessary, pruning is also carried out at the beginning of the summer or in the fall, when the apple tree is already starting to prepare for winter.
The process of forming such a tree is simple, but requires a careful and painstaking relationship. For his conduct, experienced gardeners have developed a typical scheme of pruning colonum apple trees in spring. Several major stages of this procedure can be distinguished - depending on the age and stages of wood development.
If you cut a significant part of the branch, leaving no more than three to four kidneys on it, then by the beginning of the season on the tree, strong new shoots will develop, which can give abundant fruiting. If you cut a bit, then a larger number of less strong branches will develop on the tree. With the help of the sepure (pinzing) only the tops can be obtained up to a decade of weak branches. It is worth noting that some gardeners are not limited to one column, try to form two or three sufficiently powerful trunk of a colonum apple tree.
When trimming a colonum apple tree, it is recommended to adhere to the following scheme:
- In the first year, landing should be triggered all the coupled side shoots into two kidneys (sheet) to subsequently get the strongest shoots from them.
- In the second year, of these two shoots, choose closer to the vertical plane and leave for further fruiting. The second (growing more horizontally) will be required to cut at an altitude of about 30 cm. At the same time, it is not worth interfere in the growth of the main trunk.
- In the third year, the church's development is recommended to remove the branch fruiting last year. Other shoots should be placed on last year's scheme.
To avoid shading, it will be necessary in the spring to periodically cut forward the crown, getting rid of the neighborhood of thin weak shoots growing inside it.
It should be borne in mind that the side branches located closer to the center of the column develop more powerfully compared to branches deflected from the central vertical. The removal of small branches that germinate from the top escape will not be harmful to the tree and will contribute to the formation of a strong central trunk.
To achieve the optimal result, it is worth considering some features of trimming side shoots of colon-shaped apple trees:
- the central escape should be fixed to the support, and from the side branches with the help of trimming gradually to form fruit links;
- the first trimming is recommended for developing one-year side shoots, pouring them into two kidneys. In order to let the possibility of further development, when trimming, should be left at least a couple of lower kidneys at the base of the branch - subsequently, more severe young shoots are formed;
- repeated trimming is performed one year after the first, then on the third year - another one. By that time, the uncircumcised branch will be ready to be fruitful, and the cropped will be shaped from the kidneys;
- the branch fruiting for 3-5 years is removed and the part of the trunk is abolished below it.
It is important to note that for the normal development of the central trunk of the column, it is necessary to preserve its paint kidney. It is not worth cutting up the top escape in most cases, since later the central trunk will be muffled with small branches. Only in the case of its very weak growth will be advisable to carry out the trunk crown, leaving 2-3 kidneys.
One should not be allowed to be too active in colonum apple tree. Separate copies can reach 2.5-3 M - if the village, reaching a significant height, is still growing up and at the same time its fruitiness does not increase, the growth of the colonum apple tree is recommended to limit the level of 2.5 meters to the fifth sixth year. In the future, it will be necessary to delete those remaining since last year and growing to the center of the crown shoots that condense the crown of the tree.
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