From the mid-20th century, many European countries began to move to the cultivation of dwarf fruit trees. They give a great harvest and occupy less square, because they do not have huge sizes of crowns, like strollery trees. Crop the low-spirited trees necessarily to create a biobalance between the crown of the plant and the root system.
Dwarf apples are very demanding in care, but with proper trimming and care of the soil, they give a greater harvest than the usual fruit tree of the same variety. To achieve high results, it is necessary to correctly form a crown at each stage of growth and perform cropping. If this is not done at all, then every year the apple tree will give less and less fruit, and after 3-5 years it will be possible to find only a few ripened apples.
Dwarf apple trees photo:
A little bit about terminology
It became obvious that without dipping the branches, the tree would not be a yield, so trimming of dwarf apple trees, though troublesome, but very interesting, it is important and informative. If you ignore the trimming, then it is not possible to wait not only the harvest, the tree may even die.
Before proceeding with the trimming of the fruit tree, we will get acquainted with the basic concepts:
- An annual plant - this means that the escape grew throughout the year.
- Skeletal branch - first-order branches that depart from the trunk. The branches of the next - second order will grow from them.
- The leader or central conductor is part of the barrel located at the very top.
- Competitors - side shoots that are located close to the trunk.
- Faming branch - side, usually a small branch with kidneys. Such branches may increase by themselves or the stimulation is required - proper trimming.
- Flower kidneys with proper growth and favorable conditions (soil moisturizing, etc.) will develop and flowers will dissolve. Rostic kidney - subsequently go into escape.
- Torn escape is new branches that can grow from a tree trunk or from the root, but not higher than the place where the vaccine is made.
How to cut dwarf apple
First you need to remove some deciduous cover from the apple. This is necessary for the plant to receive full nutrition. If the crown of the apple tree is greatly reduced, the tree can be harmful. As a result, the plant will not be powered by leaves and may later die. That is why it is very important to cut dwarf apple trees in all the rules.
Remove kidney
The experienced gardeners from year to year are watching each tree and make the appropriate marks in the journal. So, on the basis of personal observations, you can come to the conclusion and find out how much kidney awakes the spring and the order of their dissolve. If you are new in this matter, it is worth considering that during the spring awakening the top kidneys will be first revealed, which will then give good shoots.
Also worth paying attention to competitive shoots, which are located at the level of the upper kidney and distinguish the marking, located at the top of the apple tree. It turns out that such fast-growing shoots are ahead of the growth of the main, and therefore the correct processes may not be. So that this does not happen, it is necessary to get rid of the upper kidneys. After their cutting, the average will begin to actively develop, and subsequently you will get strong shoots.
Before trimming, it is worth carefully examining the kidney and leave the one that will affect the growth of a dwarf apple tree and correctly form a crown of wood.
Crane formation
Pruning dwarf trees perform 2 times a year - in spring and autumn. During this period, young shoots have not yet entered the phase of active growth. During the performance of work, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarity of the growth of seedlings and their variety, as the kidney trimming will be performed depending on it. If you need to increase the crown of a dwarf apple tree, then young sprouts should be directed outward. Thus, it is possible to ensure that the apple tree looks more compact, and her branches did not hang and stick around. This method is very convenient when there is little space on the household site.
When trimming the crown, it is important to remember the basic rule - the branches cannot grow equally. That is, among them there may be strong and weak shoots. It turns out that strong will always be ahead of the growth of major shoots, and therefore prevents good development, and sometimes the death of thin weak branches. So that this does not happen, it is necessary to regulate their height: to carry out the cutting of the apple tree so that the strong branches are located below the weak.
For trimming, you will need garden tools. Cepping and hacksaw. Depending on the thickness of the branch, the corresponding tool is selected. Also help in pruning thin branches Garden scissors.
Regulate the formation and growth of the branches is needed in the early period. But if you miss this opportunity and do not form the right crown growth at the initial stage of the growth of the apple tree, it will not be possible to correct the error.
Remember that when the active growing of fruits begins, the trimming must be carried out intensively, since the branch under the weight of the fruit is quickly overloaded, and this negatively affects the fruiting and quality of the harvest. To avoid a similar phenomenon, you need to rejuvenate those branches that quickly turn.
Trimming on stock
Crimping Apple trees are performed after the formation of the crown. First you need to wait a few years so that the plant is strengthened and began to develop well. For 2 years, the main escape must be formed, the gardeners are often called the leader. Just during the growth of Krone, a large number of unnecessary branchings will acquire. With the onset of spring, young branches must be removed to receive the bulk of nutrients. If for some reasons for this not to make an early spring, the deadline for trimming a dwarf apple tree - in the summer. The shoots are cleaned and in the warm season - for more new "workers" of shoots. As a result, the autumn can collect a large harvest.
When trimming apple trees, it is necessary to remember that from how trimming will be performed will depend on the final result - a strong crown that will endure a large harvest. Subsequently, it will be enough to maintain the growth of wood at a permissible level, smoothly increasing its size, follow the amount and quality of the harvest.
Paging of escapes
Pincation (pinching) of shoots is an important point in trimming a dwarf apple tree in the warm season. Pruning is that it is necessary to remove young, unreserved sprouts. Manipulation is carried out manually, by pressing the part of the escape. If you need to remove the bulk of the escape, then the secret is used. Pinzing young sprouts is performed only if the kidneys begin to wake up next to the leader's branch. As a result, an undesirable new escape may appear, which prevents the formation of the crown of the tree. When new sprouts are removed, and they will be delayed, they are cleaned with a secateur.
Summer Pincation will help preserve the maximum amount of nutrients and increase the development of the kidneys. Paging should be carried out in gradually, 3 times with a break in a few weeks. For example, if the first pinction was performed with the onset of summer, the next one can only be done after 3 weeks. The third pinch can be performed in early August. But in the last trimming there are disadvantages: young sprouts may not mature and with the onset of cold weather.
Remember that the pin is important to perform before the moment the escape does not cease to grow. If he has already been formed and a full-fledged kidney has formed, it is no longer a sprout, but a new branch and it is impossible to touch it.
Sleeping apple
The smaller the growth of the apple tree, the greater the fruit on it will begin to be tieved. It turns out, on the one hand it is good for the future harvest, and on the other, it is a significant load on the plant. As a result, the tree will begin to be exhausted over time, which can affect the quality of the harvest. Such fruits will be small with insufficient color. It is possible to avoid this by thinning the wound. As a result, the required amount of fruit remains taking into account the tree can cope with a given load.
Rules:
- The procedure is performed after unnecessary wounds begin to spontaneously impose (in June).
- It is necessary to shake each twig so that the weak marking is independently opal.
- As a result of such thinning, you can get rid of weak and sick fruits. Only strong and healthy will remain.
Pyramid pruning
This method of trimming dwarf fruit trees is considered popular in Russia. The tree forms a central conductor (height not more than 2 m) with an average length of branches - 1 m. The crown of such a cropped tree should be touched upwards, reminding the geometric shape.
How does the trimming of the tree in the 1st year
After planting an annual seedling, when he dwells in the stage of rest, it must be trimmed. The maximum permissible height of the seedling is 50 cm. The cut must be made on the opposite vaccination vaccination.
As a result of the primary trimming during the summer months, 5 strong shoots will appear on the tree, the top will be located vertically. During the summer, you don't need to touch the dwarf apple tree.
Trimming a tree in the 2nd year
With the onset of spring, tentatively end March the beginning of April, it is necessary to cut the central conductor (leave 20 cm). You also need to remove side branches growing down. With the onset of summer, you can shorten the unnecessary side branches on 3-4 sheets. Conductors do not remove.
Apple tree trim in 3rd year
In the 3rd year and further, the trimming must be carried out in the same order as in the 2nd year. Start early in the spring, removing the central branch and side up to 20 cm. In the summer you need to shorten the shoots located on the sides of 3 sheets, second order - on 1 sheet. Conductors are not cut.
Circumcision of adult apple tree make every year: in the end of the spring, the growth is cleaned. Side branches are cut into the summer after they grow up to 50 cm. The form of "pyramid" is maintained by pruning and removing powerful vertical gains. As a result of the annual trimming, the growth of the tree should not exceed 2 - 2.5 m.
Features trimming
Autumn trimming of dwarf apple trees are performed in November, waiting when the leaves fall completely. At this point, the tree will go into the recreation stage. The purpose of autumn cleaning is to remove patients and old branches.
Important: After the first frosts come, it is impossible to do pruning. If this moment is ignored, then an open wound is formed on the spot, which will be modeled and subsequently rot. Such a branch will grow worse.
The trim diagram in the fall is:
- Stick Rules: First, damaged large branches are cleaned.
- Croon is thinned - only smooth and strong branches are left.
- Competitors and weak branches are ruthlessly removed.
- The branches growing at a right angle from the trunk must be removed, they still chip under the severity of fruits. In addition, they thicken the crown and interfere with the penetration of sunlight.
- Trucks are treated with garden wrair or oil paint.
- All branches burn to avoid the spread of pests and diseases on healthy plants.
Old dwarf apple trees also need trimming, which rejuvenates the tree and prevent the development of diseases. Manipulation can be performed only when the plant has a lot of skeletal strong branches and a healthy trunk.
Start cutting an adult tree in autumn. Do not be afraid to clean the old branches growing incorrectly. If a tree is about 20 years old, then you need to remove the top of the apple tree for 3 meters.
How to trim the dwarf apple trees in the spring, you will learn from this video. Footage:
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