Sea buckthorn, landing and care. Growing sea buckthorn - varieties, landing, care. Sea buckthorn: description, methods of growing, care. How to collect a crop

Sea buckthorn - berry healthy health. The plant in natural conditions can be found near the reservoirs: rivers, lakes and even the seas. The name says that the berries literally covers every free centimeter on the branch. It is possible to grow a sea buckthorn on your own on an indention.

Content

Sea buckthorn. Description

Sea buckthorn is a small plant achieving in growth up to 3 meters. If this is a wild plant, then a full-fledged tree may grow out of the cooks, about 6 meters high. The sea buckthorn form can be different: scattered as the crown of ordinary tree or pyramidal.

The plant is digestive - this means the following: On one bush only women's flowers grow and the fruits are subsequently ripen, on the other - only men. Pollination is produced in a natural way, pollen is spread with winds. Fruption - only female plants, male is deprived of such an opportunity. If it is important to find out what a plant is in front of you, then you need to look at the kidneys in the spring or autumn period. It is necessary to do it if in the spring, then before the start of flowering, and if in the fall, then after the leaves fell.

What you need to pay attention to: male kidneys are always greater than women. On each kidney, you can consider about 5-7 scales, while on women's kidneys will be only 2. Based on this, it is possible to make such a conclusion: what if you put on one site about 5 female bushes, then the male genus will need only 1 or maximum 2 bush.

What else you need to know: in each kidney there is a laying of several colors, if women are only 8 flowers, then the male is much larger - more than 30! Flowers are very small, unsightly, so they are difficult to notice, if they are not looking closely.

When bloom begins: if this is the middle strip of Russia - this is April-May. The flowering period is short, just a week or a half (about 12 days). It all depends on what the weather was issued at this interval (expect flowering it is necessary from the second half of April).

The root bundle bush system is located almost on the surface, the roots are not strongly buried, they are lowered at a depth of no more than 40 cm, but under the ground the roots are literally sprawling at a distance, 2.5 times higher than the crown diameter. Roots weakening, with nodules, can be both half-minded and skeletal

The tubers in an adult bush can grow to the size of a chicken egg, in some cases - even more. Troubles such formations are not worth it, because thus the plant can get more nutritious elements from the soil + to take from the air what he needs.

When to expect fruiting: only after 3, and then 4 years after planting the plant. From one adult bush, you can collect about 10-12 kg of sea buckthorn, and if you care well, water and fertilize the soil, you can increase this number 2 times.

Sea buckthorn. Photo:

The fruits at the sea buckthorn are small, bright orange or yellow (depends on the variety of plants), there are round or oval shape, there are less often cylindrical fruits and in the form of a barrel. The taste of the berries is acidic, with a slight fraction of sweetness. It is necessary to expect wrestling ripening from the 2nd half of August, and the harvest is possible to start after the first frosts, then the berry gains strength, becomes juicy and even sweet.

The average duration of the fruiting plant is within 50 years - this is the maximum. Depending on the grade of the plant, the average duration of the sea buckthorn bush may vary from 8 to 20 years.

The benefits of sea buckthorn are priceless for the human body, a beaker can be called a healer, because there are many useful trace elements and vitamins in it. And the uniqueness of these fruits is that even after freezing, the berries do not lose their value.

Landing sea buckthorn

Well-known methods of reproduction of the plant are only two:

Vegetative.
Growing from seeds.

The first method of reproduction includes several ways: cuttings or root shoots.

Let's start with the most interesting and learn how sea buckthorn reproduction occurs with seeds:

Soil preparation should be started from early autumn: the top layer of the soil must be mixed with fertilizers (organic) and sand. The land is tightly tamped, after which it can be done for the convenience of planting seeds in the soil of grooves. The width of each groove is about 3 cm, the depth is the same. The bottom must be pretty seal.
In the fall, it is necessary to prepare a sufficient number of humus, for planting and leaving the plant during the year.
After planting seeds, the soil must be slightly tumped, sprinkled with a layer with a layer.
In winter, during stable frosts, it is necessary to free the prepared beds from snow, decompose the seeds with a step of 1 cm, pour out a layer of humus (thickness not more than 1 cm).
Seeds of sea buckthorn frost-resistant, so worry that they will die, do not. And if there are fears, it is possible to sow seeds and early spring. Only they are desirable to soak in water (about 20 degrees). Exposure time 4 days.
After germination of seeds, they can be planted in a warm soil. Landing depth - 5 cm.
Two years later, when the seedlings are strengthened, you can transplant seedlings of sea buckthorn to a permanent place. So that there are no problems with digging plants, it is advisable in advance to take care of it and withstand the distance between the grooves of 20 cm.

How is the reproduction of cuttings:

With a bush, age of 5, you need to cut one-year strong escape (several). It is necessary to do this at the beginning of winter, in the first weeks of December.
Soothes until the landing can be stored in a cool place (in the cellar, where the temperature does not rise higher than +2 degrees), or you can store shoots right under the snow.
With the onset of spring, weathered shoots must be cut into the cuttings, the length of each cutter should be about 20 cm. Thickness - an average of 0.5-0.6 cm.
All cuttings before landing must be put in a jar with water for 3 days, then you can put in the soil at a distance of 10 cm, vertically, to remain free of 2 or 3 kidneys from above.
The soil must be thoroughly tamped, pour the cuttings with water, trigger on top to peat.
At first it is necessary to provide young plants good watering. Watering the plants need every 3 days, it is also necessary to loosen the soil and free from weeding grass.
In the fall, if everything was done correctly, the plant is rooted.

How to breed a sea buckthorn with the help of green cuttings

Young, green cuttings are badly leaving, so if such a method is chosen, it is necessary to cut off the widespread shoots. The length of each escape is about 15 cm. Cut the shoots better in the morning.

How it's done:

take a garden knife or blade to make a neat cut from above under the kidney;
lower sheets (3 or 4 pcs.), It is necessary to delete;
cutted cuttings need to be associated with a rope, but not tight, put in a water container.
soil preparation: The plot should be even, with fertile soil. It is advisable to choose such a place so that the plants do not get straight sun rays;
the upper layer of the Earth needs to be mixed with river sainted sand and peat (in equal proportions), the top of the bed must be sprinkled with a layer of sand (up to 2 cm);
before boarding the cuttings, the garden must be good, and cut the cuttings only 3 cm into the soil. They must stand vertically;
after planting the soil, it is necessary to moisten, on top to build a wire frame, stretch the polyethylene film to make a mini-greenhouse. The film should not touch the cuttings, there should be free space between plants and protection about 3 cm. We recommend the edge of the film to trigge the ground so that it does not break down at strong wind;
behind the cuttings, care is needed, as for any plant: timely watering, fertilizer (feeding the ammonia Selitra, on 1 bucket of water takes 20 g of the means). Film must be raised from time to time so that the plants get used to the natural environment;
prior to the first cold cuts, it is necessary to close the layer of leaves or sawdust. In this position, young plants will winter;
with the onset of spring, the cuttings should be well rooted, after which they can be transplanted into more fertile soil or leave in the same place. Only then, when landing, it is necessary to comply with such rules: between the grooves there should be a free distance of at least 30 cm, cuttings to plant a pitch with a step of 15 cm;
timely care is simply necessary: \u200b\u200bit is flowing, loosening, dip and watering.

How is the reproduction of the plant with root siblings

When choosing a method of reproduction of this beneficial plant, it is worth stopping in more detail on this method, because it is considered the easiest and easy.

Root slips appear only in an adult plant (about 5 years old) to grow a seedlove, you need to cut off the sibliness (for example, a shovel), spray it with soil, leave until alone, only from time to time you need to water the soil and wait until It is not rooted. As soon as the new plant leaves the roots, you can carefully dig it to put in another place. Just do not forget to find out what sex this young offspring is female or male. Not always the bunch taken from the female bush will be the same kind.

How to speed up the process of appearance of offspring from an adult plant: It is necessary to find skeletal root, trim it from the bush at a short distance. Do not close the location, it is formed new offspring on which the roots will appear after some time.

Seat sea buckthorn

For growing on the site, more lowered varieties are suitable:

sort "Beauty Moscow", plant sea buckthorn reaches in growth up to 2-2.5 m, this is a frost-resistant variety, are not subject to illness. The yield is the average, the ripening period of fruits medium: from the middle of the last summer month and until September. The berries are not small, about 10 g, the flesh is acidic and sweet at the same time. Berries of bright orange color;
the "Chuisian" variety is a mid-grade plant, the maximum height is 4 m, the tree has small spikes that differ in shape from other seats of sea buckthorn. The fruits are not acidic, orange, the timing of ripening from the end of summer to early September;
the sea buckthorn variety is not orange, but red, the berries are very sour, medium sized berries. Despite too acidic berries, the plant is very resistant to various diseases;

Sea buckthorn. Plant care

Fucking, though a frost-resistant plant, but loves care and care:

the plant needs light, especially in the first years of active growth. If you do not care for the year-old seedlings, then in weed grass they may die;
the plant loves moisture, but cannot develop in congestive groundwater - in such conditions of sea buckthorn may die. If you put a plant on the slope, ensure good drainage, you can collect a good harvest. If moisture is not enough, the leaves are falling ahead of time, and the fruits are badly tied;
soil Requirements: These must be sandy or sandy light soils with the addition of mineral feeding. If the soil is dense and clay, then the root system will fall, the plant may die;
temperature regime - Vegetation begins when the average daily temperature resolves from +5 degrees. Flowering occurs from +10 degrees, the amount of crop directly depends on the temperature of the air during the growing season of the plant. Sea buckthorn is resistant to frost.

The cultivation of sea buckthorn - the occupation is not complicated, if everything is done correctly, you can collect a good harvest of useful berries.

What you need to know:

timely moisturizing of the soil - necessarily;
do not allow wasting moisture in the soil;
provide good watering during the growth period of sea buckthorn leaves;
the soil must be exploded, even if it was rained. The depth of loosening within 7 cm in the area of \u200b\u200bthe trunk;
earth is better not to drag off;
weeds to choose on time, as they are pulled out of the soil moisture and nutrients;
making fertilizers: humid spring, superphosphate - in summer, organic, potassium and phosphorus - in summer and autumn. It will also be useful to plant and humus (autumn). If the soil is sublinous, then we need to cover the sand layer with sawdust (proportions 1 to 1);
watering 4 times: during the flowering period, one irrigation is enough, a month later, in the third watering - during the ripening period of fruits, the last - after harvest (late September-October).

Sealing sea buckthorn

Collect matured berries - hard work, because there are many berries on the branch, they are literally stuck from all sides of the branch.

In addition, the tree is very prickly and spread, so collecting a crop, you need to adhere to a certain technique:

To collect fruits is necessary from the extreme branch, gradually moving towards the middle of the trunk. Fruits need to be removed carefully not to damage. Mature sea buckthorn can burst, so it is desirable to wear special clothes or at least a protective bathrobe and wrappers.
If it is planned to transport the harvest assembled, then it is best to tear the twigs together with berries. The twig length should be no more than 8-10 cm. This method of assembly makes it easier to work and during the transport of the berry will remain integer.
Dachnips have long adapted to collect ripen sea buckthorn in this way: to remove the fruits from the branches with a special scallop, a scraper or a tin tube, on the opposite end of which a plastic bag is attached. Ripe berries are easily removed and immediately fall into the bag.
A good way to collect harvest - after the first frosts: It is necessary to spread polyethylene or bedspread on Earth, gently shake the tree or knock down a strong stick in separate branches. All berries are easily shied. It will only be left to assemble them from the bedspread and fold into special containers.

Store berries are necessary in glass container, and the glass should be dark. A jar with berries need to be put into a cool darkened place. The refrigerator is not suitable, but put a sea buckthorn in the freezer, you can. Only you have to first prepare berries for such a storage method: wash the berries, dry so that there is no liquid, lay out on a baking sheet in one layer, send to the freezer. When the berries are frozen, fold them into containers or special packages for freezing. Thus, the place in the freezer is saved. You can also dry the fruit of sea buckthorn in the oven at low temperatures (within 60 degrees).

Now you know how to grow a sea buckthorn in the household plot, as well as how to collect a harvest.