Laurel, landing and care in open soil. Growing a laurel in an open soil: landing and care

One of the most popular spider seasonings, which is often added to the marinada and is used to prepare dishes, is a bay leaf. Municipal culture is considered Mediterranean countries. At home, it is possible to grow it not only in the pot, but also in the open territory. To collect a large harvest, it is necessary to take into account the features of not only cultivation of culture, but also landing.

Content

Lavra tree - Description of culture and photos

The plant is called "LAVR", as well as the "noble laurel". Culture melts mainly in the warm regions of the country. The seasoning is also found in the wild. It grows in the form of a tree with a height of about 10-12 m. In the regions of the country with a cooler climate, the laurel is growing in the form of a small shrub.
Culture is an evergreen plant, whose leaves have an extended form similar to oval. The leaves are slightly wavy and contain a light edging. Laurel flowers have a yellow color, gather 3-5 pieces of leaves again. Fruits of small size with a blue-black tint.

Important! In the cooking, only a leaf of a laurel tree is used, which is pre-dried to brown and yellow. Also, the plant is grown ornamental to decorate the garden. In traditional medicine, in addition to the leaves, the bark is used, fruits and their bone, roots.

A tree or shrub of a laurel can be cut, forming a varied crown depending on the garden design. If you correctly care for the laurel plant, it will be able to live at home up to 12 years.

Laurel in Open Ground - Growing Conditions

To ensure good growth and achieve a full development of the plant, do not forget that the Laurel was first led in warm countries. Therefore, it must be grown in a warm climate with moderate humidity.
In the open position, the Lavr should be grown mainly in the southern regions of our country. Plant is planted not immediately in open ground. Rosts make it possible to graze in the greenhouse, then transferred to the greenhouses, which are open a few hours a day. The duration of finding a new plant in the fresh air gradually increases. After quenching the laurel puts on a permanent place.
The frost resistance of the culture ranges from 9 to 12 degrees of frost. An adult plant can withstand a decrease in air temperature to 15 degrees. At the same time, the trunk and leaves are not damaged. If a harsh winter is expected, then the laurel should be further covered.
When choosing a place to grow a laurel tree, give preference to well-lit sections in the garden, which are located on the southern part of it. Locking the plant into open ground, you should also consider the quality of the soil and provide the necessary humidity.
So the laurel of noble tolerates the various compositions of the soil, but it is necessary to avoid excessive moisture. Stagnation of water can contribute to the formation of fungal diseases on the crust and root plant of the plant.
When landing a laurel in a well-lit place, you can achieve the maximum content of essential oils in the leaves of the plant. Planned cropping of culture should be carried out at the beginning of spring before the formation of new leaves and kidneys on branches. Or choose the time in late autumn. During this period, the plant goes to wintering and lifeful juice inside it slows down its movement.
Although the culture is not good in care, to form a crown and increasing the taste of laurels, the correct feeding is required. In the first year after disembarking into open ground, the addition of fertilizers is not required, as their sufficient amount is made in the grounding ground. The second and subsequent years of growth make mineral fertilizers in small quantities.

Growing a laurel in the open ground - the preparation of the soil and landing

After choosing a place for permanent growth of Laurel, attention should be paid to the preparation of the soil and the formation of the well. Lavra is planted not only by seedlings. Experienced gardeners use such a landing material as: seeds, glasses and cuttings.

Preparation of soil for landing Lavra in Open Soil

For planting culture in open ground, give preference to light soil composition without clay impurities. The prerequisite is to saturate with its substances based on carbonate. At home for the preparation of carbonate soil, mix together a sheet soil in equal proportions with a turf, adding half the river sand. Such a soil will ensure good moisture permeability and create a normal oxygen inflow to the root system.
If you do not have any components for the cooking of soil for disembarking, then use the finished soil mixture. The optimal ratio of useful components is in the soil for planting cactus or similar plants.
You can add peat into the finished primer, but in small quantities and thoroughly move the mixture. It is also worth worrying about the acidity of the soil. To reduce it, use lime. Also, to saturate the young process with useful components, mix mineral fertilizer into the soil mixture according to the instructions for the drug.

Laurel Landing to Outdoor Soil Seeds

The most effective way to grow a laurel tree is subject to landing seeds. According to statistical data, 95 of the 100 pieces of seed seeds are growing. The grains of the Laurele must be collected in the uterine trees, when their full ripening passed.

Important! The seeds of the noble laure is needed to store only one season. To exclude germination, keep them in a cool and dark place. For this, the bottom shelf of the refrigerator is well suited, only the grains should be put in the container with a dense lid.

First, it is necessary to germinate grain in a pot or box. Fill the capacitance of sawdust. Instead, you can use river sand. Moisten the landing ground well, let him warm up. So that the seeds of the Lavra are faster, it is necessary to remove the protective shell with them. You can do it with your hands. Since the shell is very tough, it may interfere with the stretch of sprout.
Prepared Seeds Slide the rows into the container you need to put on a sunny place in the garden. At night, the box should be entered into a warm place so that the soil does not froze. As the soil dryed, moderately moisturize it, do not allow windings. After the first sprouts appear, they should be switched. Leave between rows a distance of 6-8 cm.
After the sprouts are strengthened, you can go to the disembarkation to the open area. The composition of the soil for planting sprouts is the same as for seedlings. The depth of the fossa should not exceed 5 cm. From above, do not press hard with your hands. Leave ground looser to ensure ventilation ventilation. In the first year, young seedlings cover it on the winter.

How to draw a laurel in the open soil

Experienced gardeners often reproduce a laurel tree by shifting. For this, small twigs are cut from the maternal plant, they germinate them and then planted on an open area in the garden.
For cuttings, you should choose young shoots on a tree or a bush, whose branches have not yet become weed. Such processes cut off the bottom or middle part of the plant crown. On each cutken, there must be a minimum of 3 interstices.
On the proceedings, the lower cut should be made oblique. Leaves from the bottom of the branch are completely removed, and the upper is cut into half. It is necessary to harvest the planting material in the form of cuttings in early spring or in the summer in July.

Important! Slices of branches or leaves must be carried out by a secateur to provide a flat surface. Doing it with hands or scissors, you can damage the bark, which will cause it to post it.

The cuttings are germinated separately in pots or containers, only then healthy and strengthened twig are selected and planted on an open territory. The soil for the cutting of cuttings should not be sour and with a large clay content. Sand fit well mixed with leaf ground and peat.
At the bottom of the tank, lay out the drainage from a small rubble or use the dend. Then fill the soil prepared mixture. Pour it with warm water, make a depression for 1-2 cm., Insert the cuttings, then carefully pour it off soil.
The glass can be installed on top to provide a greenhouse effect. Put the container into a warm place where the air temperature should not be less than 16-20 degrees. Remove the jar daily and let's ventilate a cutter. At this time, be sure to spray the leaves. Water the soil as needed, but do not pour it. Use only warm water for this.

For your information. With proper caring for cuttings, they will be able to root in 30 days.

How to reproduce a laurel in the open soil

Due to the fact that the Lavr has flexible branches can be reproduced by forming melts. Experienced gardeners consider this method, also effective as disembodied from seed growth. In this way, you yourself can take the selection of healthy plants.
Select the tanks from the bottom of the bush, which will be easily burned to the soil. Such shoots should be young, healthy and contain at least 2 interstices. The selection of branches should be carried out in late autumn, and root them only for the next season in the summer.
For a drag, prepare a mixture of soil from sand, lime and humus. Additionally, fertilizer is not required. Next to the maternal bush, make a small deepening, put drainage on the bottom, put the soil for the landing on top. Gently clutch the place of the price on the selected process, secure it with special clips. Put, slightly compact the soil with your hands.
For 2-3 months, it is necessary to ensure a timely watering of the brass and carefully monitor its development. During the specified period, the soil is categorically not recommended, as you can damage the young roots.
When young processes appear and a new escape twig will be strengthened, gently separate it from the mother's bush. To do this, filming the land along the entire length of the tank, give the top and cut the branch in its lower part of it.
It is recommended to immediately transplant Laurel's laurel to a new place in the open soil. For him, prepare a soil mixture, dig a hole with a depth of 10-12 cm. Slide the young escape, paint warm water. In the first year, ensure the protection of the sprout from strong winds and stake on the winter straw or spunbond.

How to plant laurel seedlings to open ground

Most effective for the first landing in open areas to use seedlings. In nurseries, they pass careful selection, first trimming, as well as hardened under the local climate. Therefore, it is important to acquire a laurel for landing in the region where you live.
Seedlings can be planted in spring and autumn. Experienced gardeners buy material in autumn. At this time, in nurseries a large selection of plants, while in the spring, only the remnants are sold. Prefer professional tools with good advertising. Do not buy seedlings in dubious places and in the elementary markets.
Laurele landing in the form of seedlings is no different from disembarking cuttings or chains. Prepare the ground, dig a well on a regular place in the garden. The only difference is that it is necessary to get the plant from the pot together with the ground, and not knock it down from the roots. So the seedman adapts faster to your territory.
If you planted the laurel in the fall, then do not forget to further clutch the soil and hide the plant for the winter. Use for this hollow forms of foam or foam with arcs. In the spring, after full heating of the soil, remove the shelter and swipe the soil.

Lovel care in open soil

Successfully grow a spicy plant in the open soil is possible not only in the southern regions of the country, but also in the middle strip with a more severe climate. To get a large harvest or rich and beautiful crown, you should consider the features of the care of the culture.
Gardeners from the southern regions of the country celebrate the rapid growth of seedlings. In addition, with the soft climate, the laurel is able to dissipate and grow independently. While in the northern cities, gardeners take a series of measures to preserve the plant.
The harsh winter of the Laurel branch can freeze up to the root system. But with proper trimming, even from a small area of \u200b\u200bthe living root spring grows a new bush. Thus, it is possible to note the high reducing ability of culture and rapid growth in the spring period.
If you want to collect a harvest of a laurel, then the maximum leaves are saturated with essential oils only by November, and in the southern regions - by December. But for this, the bush must necessarily grow in the sun. During this period, leaves, fruits and bark are also used to collect material that is used in folk medicine.

Important! Collect the crop in the form of leaves for use in cooking only for the fourth year of its growth after disembarking in an open territory.

Watering and fertilizer of a laurel in the open ground

The laurel tree can be transferred rare watering, but it is important to increase the frequency and amount of watering during arid summer. But at the same time, do not allow excessive soil moisturizing, otherwise the soil winding will lead to fungal diseases of the plant.
During frequent rains, the soil should be carried out, as the moisture is capable of forming a crust on the surface of the soil. It is it that prevents air penetration to the root system. The rooting of the roots leads to their winding.
If a rainy summer is expected in the region, then the soil around the laurel tree should be closed. This will make it possible to avoid excessive soil moistening. But also during the arid summer, mulch will not give quickly to evaporate moisture.
Laurel irrigation rate should be divided for periods. So in the summer he should be abundant (1 time per week), and in the fall and spring - moderate (1 time per month). Before wintering, it is necessary to stop watering at all over the month before the shelter, since the excess moisture under it will quickly lead to the death of the plant.
In the summer during cold days except watering, it is important to ensure a plenty of leaf spraying. It should be carried out only with warm water and in the morning clock.
The introduction of mineral fertilizers is reduced to the subcorder in the spring before the start of the distillation of new leaves (1 time per week) and in the fall before wintering (1 time per month). The organic should be introduced one-time during the summer during the formation of fruits. It is necessary only in warm water and watering under the root of the plant.

Important! The first feeding of transplanted or landed plants should be carried out only after 3 months. Also enter fertilizers follows 2 years of growth, since when disembarking, drugs are added to the landing ground.

Pruning and Laurel Diseases in Open Ground

The laurel tree speaks well on trimming. Young shoots grow rapidly. The curled crown must be carried out early in spring, when new leaves have not appeared. In the autumn period, trimming is carried out before harvesting and shelter for the winter, when the air temperature decreases.
Spring trimming provides not only the formation of the crown, but also the removal of dead processes that did not survive the winter. In this case, the branches are cut off completely or removed along with dead roots.
Some gardeners prefer to completely trim the branches of the noble laurel on the winter. This kind of spicy plant is actively restored and rapidly growing per season in the open ground and can reach up to 2 m. Height. For such trimming, the secateur should remove extra branches at the level of 10 cm. From the soil surface. The stalks are additionally covered with spunbond for wintering.
In the open ground, laurel plants are rarely subjected to diseases. It is also not necessary to worry if infected trees grow next to them. The appearance of fungus, like rotting the root system, can trigger the soil harness. Therefore, it is important to comply with a graph of watering culture and adjust it in time depending on weather conditions.

How to properly hold the shelter of the laurel for the winter

Since there are several ways to trim the laurel (completely and with the preservation of the above-ground part), then the shelter options on the wintering plant differ. The simplest method is the shelter of the bush with a full trimming.
All laurel branches are cut in late autumn almost under the root, leaving 10 cm above the surface. At the same time, inspection of the affected and dead branches, which are completely removed from the bush.
Watering stops 1-1.5 months before the shelter of the plant for the winter. Right before the procedure, fertilizers are made mainly on mineral base, then the soil is thoroughly frozen and the thick layer of mulch is stacked. It is advisable for it to use large sawdust or bark of trees, as it will not give to develop the proceeding process under the shelter.
If you want Laurel to start early to grow in spring, then install arcs on top of the cropped bush. On top of them, the spunbond or other material for the shelter of the laurel should be placed. In case of harsh winter, it is additionally recommended to float the bush with sawdusts, lay dry branches or cover with snow. You can also not use arcs. But at the same time, the plant should be revealed earlier.
Early spring, when the Earth warms well, carefully remove the shelter and arcs, remove the mulch. Then browse, whether all the branches overwhelmed and, if necessary, swing up. The soil spoil again. Watering in the first weeks after wintering should be started with warm water and in moderate quantity.
The shelter for the winter laurel with branches is slightly different from the first method. In this embodiment, you must save and insulate all the processes on the tree or a bush. Overhead of the laurel gently assemble together. Then the sword tie in the form of a spiral, but freely not to damage the shoots.
With this method of shelter, it is important to protect not only the top of the bush, but also the bottom with the root system. For this, the usual soil mixes with peat in equal proportions, enter the mineral fertilizer and sprinkle the soil around the bottom of the bush, forming a hill. This procedure should be carried out.
For shelter branches, use such material as agrosite-60. Enroll it around the bush in three or four layers. Top to secure the material with a rope, the top must be tightly close and torn the twine. This basis should always be dry and not wet from precipitation, so it must be additionally covered.
Frame for the second shelter layer, make from a garden grid. Twist it in the form of a cylinder, but with such a calculation so that the walls of the figure do not touch the first layer. The outer part will insulate the agrosphan, leaving the top of its small amount for shelting the top of the design.
Secure the material from the weighing side of the rope, carefully cover the structure of the bush, clog the remains of the agrosphan and fasten it tightly. Cover the bush with a film and tightly tie it with a twine. This method will not allow the first shelter layer to wet, and the design will create another layer of air between layers for additional protection of the plant. Also, the shelter will not wet due to the outer layer of the film.

Important! When shelting a plant on wintering special attention to the top of the design. Close it very tightly so that moisture and snow do not get inside.

With the second embodiment of the holistic bush, the laurel can withstand the temperature differences in winter to 20 degrees below zero. In the spring, when the air temperature warms up to +5, it should be carefully removed the entire design, to dissolve the earth and braid it. Also inspect all the branches. Some of them could not survive the winter. They should be trimmed.
In some situations on the leaves of Lavra, after wintering can be formed. As a result, the leaves will acquire a blue tint. This arises due to the fact that in the winter the plant continues to evaporate moisture, which freezes at low temperatures, despite the shelter. In this case, it is not worried about. A spicy plant is rapidly restored after wintering, foliage acquires a normal shade, and shoots continue to grow.

How to collect and dry the bay leaf

In therapeutic purposes, the harvesting of a laurel in the form of a crust, fruits and leaves has a certain scheme, to master which not everyone can. But harvesting for use in cooking is very simple. The main thing in this case shall wait for the maturation of the leaves and observe the rules of drying the spices.
The first product collection must be carried out only four years after the first planting seedlings. In addition, the plant should grow on solar plots in the open ground. Only with this condition in the leaves will collect the maximum number of essential oils. It is they who give the dish a unique aroma and a spicy taste.
If you spend a complete trimming for the winter, then use cut branches to collect leaves. For use in cooking, collect leaves without tops, as it does not contain taste. At the same time, complete ripening of foliage occurs by the end of the autumn. The collection should begin at the end of November. In the southern regions they collect leaves up to February, as the plant does not need shelter.
At the cut branches carefully examine each piece of leafle. It must be without visible defects and lesions, have a rich green shade. Also good raw materials can be determined by a short cutter. Do not allow to collect frnit leaves with blue and dark color.
Cut branches are associated with each other in a bouquet and suspend in a dark, cool place. Make sure that the raw materials do not hit the straight sun rays. The sheet must gradually dry. The room should be well ventilated, otherwise the stagnation will lead to the formation of mold on the leaves.
Special attention is paid to the temperature regime, which should not exceed the mark of 40 degrees of heat. At high temperature, the number of essential oils in the leaves sharply decreases. Also follow the humidity in the room.
For your information. When collecting a laurel for the perfume industry, it follows in the summer, not late in autumn and winter. Essential oils in this case have already accumulated in the leaves, but the spicy taste has not yet become concentrated.
Use only leaves to accelerate the drying process. You can dry them in several ways. Before any drying procedure, the material is washed with clean water, then heated with napkins and left to completely evaporate excess moisture.
Experienced hostesses use the oven for this. But for this it is important to observe the temperature regime and constantly look after the raw materials. The door of the oven must be constantly open to free air circulation.
The most efficient method of drying a laurel sheet while maintaining the maximum number of essential oils provides a natural process of drying. To do this, prepare flat containers, for example, nitens or spreads. Be sure to make them paper towels or use for this napkin.
Put on them collected and selected leaves in one layer. Do not allow 2 or 3 layers on top of each. Leaves must be good. Put the containers in a dark but well ventilated place. Temperature should not be high. Also make sure that the sun's rays do not fall on the raw material. The room should be dry and well ventilated.
In this state, leave the leaves for 14-20 days. In the middle of this period, turn the laurel on the second side for uniform drying. If the specified time, the leaves remain with a green tint, then leave them to dry another week.

Important! At the end of the drying, check the leaves for moisture. Ready raw material must be completely dry without soft areas on the leaves and get brown.

Dried lavr can be stored no more than 2 years. After the specified time, he loses its taste characteristics. For storage, use glass dishes with dense covers to eliminate the evaporation of essential oils. Also for this purpose, fabric bags are suitable. But since the air is circulating through them, keep the laurel in them only 1 year.

Grow the laurel in the country in the darity in the open ground is very possible. To obtain abundant growth and saturated spicy flavor among leaves, gardeners are recommended to comply with the rules of landing, the conditions for growing planting material, as well as ensure proper care for the culture.