Colon's apple tree (eng. Columnar Apple Tree) is a clone of an apple tree that does not form lateral branches. Even at the end of the twentieth century, they were exotic in the gardens. These unusual trees have many advantages, so they began to actively grow on dachas, household plots, use in industrial landings. It is advantageous to grow coloniary apple trees to lovers gardeners, since in a small plot of land you can grow not one dozen trees of different varieties and maturation.
Description of colonum apple trees
- Trees with a height of 1.5 to 2.5-3 meters, with a narrow crown, very decorative in the garden. The trunk is thickly covered fruit education (fruit twigs, riders, copiers), it forms little side shoots. Fruits are developing on the trunk.
- According to growth, colonum apple trees are divided into dwarf, semi-caric and stronger. These trees have one main trunk and almost do not require trimming. The shape of the crown is similar to the pyramidal poplar.
- Early begin to be fruit. In the year of planting on the tree there are 2-3 apples. In the following years, yield increases - up to 5-6 kg and more from one tree. Duration of fruiting - up to 15 years.
- No frequency of fruiting, like ordinary apple trees. Small sizes give a significant advantage - nutrients go to the formation of fruits, and not on the growth of wood, roots, sheet mass.
- Caring for colon-shaped apple trees is not complicated. Relying fruits, prophylactic spraying can be carried out without stairs and fixtures.
Description of varieties of colonum apple trees
Varieties of colonia apple trees in terms of fruiting
Summer varieties: President, Medoc.
- Nectar. Yield - 5-8 kilograms of fruits from one tree. It has high cold-resistant rates, withstands strong frosts. Fruits with honey taste.
- The president. It is distinguished by compactness, juicy, sweet fruits (150-250 grams), which ripen towards the end of summer.
Autumn varieties: Titania, Vasyugan, Gin.
- Vasyugan. Sort with good yield (6-7 kilograms), winter-hardy. Fruits - sour-sweet, with a dense pulp, have a beautiful striped red-green color.
- Gin. Fruits small (80-100 grams), bright red, sour-sweet taste, suitable for storage. The variety of good winter hardiness and yields (5-7 kilograms and more from the tree).
- Titania. The grade with excellent characteristics of fruits is distinguished by the original sweet taste.
Winter varieties: Moscow Necklace, currency, bolero, arbat, amber necklace.
- Arbat. Fruits are small (80-110 grams), sour-sweet. High-yielding, low fetus fetus.
- Moscow necklace. It has large (250 grams) juicy fruits, winter-hardy.
- Currency. Late and high-yielding variety. Apples of excellent taste are well stored and transported.
- Amber Necklace. A small plant, frost-resistant. The fruits are yellow, to taste - sour-sweet.
Varieties of colonum apple trees on the cultivation regions
- Heat-loving grades for the south - Bolero, Eenia, Trident, Snow White, Tuscan, Sparkling, Garland, Green Noise, Titania, White Eagle, Senator, Ideal. They are not adapted to carry large frosts, the main season of fruiting - autumn, the fruits of good fourth, weighing 150-400 g.
- Frost-resistant varieties are derived for Siberia and the Central Black Soak - Triumph, Currency, President, Ostankino, Vasyugan, Moscow Necklace, Iksha and others. The most winter-hardy grade Iksha transfers frost to -40 ° C. Moscow Necklace, Malyuha, Medoc, Arbat is a variety of medium-hardiness.
- Gardeners are recognized as the best of the colon-shaped apple trees such as Vasyugan (exceptional winter hardiness, possibly cultivation in the Urals, in Siberia) and the "Moscow Necklace" grade (frost-resistant, resistant to the paschery, a yield).
Colon's apple tree grade currency
Planting colonum apple trees
- Choosing a landing site. These apple trees need to be planted in places protected from wind (near fences, buildings) and well lit. It is convenient to plant these plants along the tracks.
- Preparation of pit for landing. From autumn you need to prepare a landing pit: refuel by compost, humus (4-6 kg per tree), complex mineral fertilizers (superphosphate - 50-100 grams, potash fertilizers - 50-80 grams). All components are mixed with the soil and this mixture fill the pit. The size of the landing pit corresponds to the root system of the village so that the roots are freely located in it.
- Shed trees is better in early spring when snow comes. The seedling should have a living root system. You can finish the roots in the water, and before the landing itself cut the tips. Lower the village to the landing pit, the roots carefully straighten, the vaccination place is necessarily located above the ground level. After the root of the ground, the seedlings are abundantly watered with water.
- For planting taking annual seedlings with a healthy root system. Saplings in containers are good, they can be planted in summer.
- Apple tree landing schemes are: compacted with rows (distance between seedlings from 30 to 40 centimeters, broadcast width - 1-2.5 meters); landing according to the 1x1 m scheme.
- With proper landing on one-air, there are from 30 to 40 cm of growth for the season. A powerful thickened escape is developing from the top kidney. At the bottom of the lateral kidney seedlings, the leaves are developing, flower kidney of the future harvest form.
Caring for colon-shaped apple trees
These trees need irrigation, complex feeding, the care of the soil around the trees, destroy the pests of fruit trees and disease pathogens.
- Early spring you need to perform prophylactic spraying, if necessary, make trimming.
- Prevention of diseases and pest protection. The crown of these trees is well lit by the sun, is well ventilated, so plants are less susceptible to diseases. In the spring to the dissolution of the kidneys, it is possible to spray trees with such drugs: Bordeaux liquid (single-surplus solution), nitrafen, seven-percent urea solution. These drugs destroy the winter pests and illness. To exterminate pests after the beginning of the vegetation, you can use copper and iron vigor; caterpillars and weevils are destroyed by a solution of chlorofos; Against ticks use colloidal sulfur. In the summer, if necessary, treated with copper-based fungicides (from fungal diseases). After harvesting, while the leaves are still on the tree, the prevention of diseases and pests is performed by the urea garden spraying.
- An important stage is the formation of a crop. On the annual colonum apple tree, it is desirable to fully or partially cut the blooming buds, so that the young plant has power for rooting and growth. On an adult apple tree, you need to ensure that the plant is not overloaded with fruits. The normalization is carried out during flowering period and during the formation of the wound, plucking the extra.
- Watering by this apple trees need abundant, since the roots are not deeply located. For example, in an unnecessar period you need to water twice a week, if necessary - more often. Mulching of the nearby circle will prevent the evaporation of moisture from the soil and drying the roots.
- This kind of apple tree requires regular feeding: you can water urea (solution), in the middle of summer - to feed the phosphorus-potash fertilizers. The first spring feeder is carried out immediately after the dissolution of the leaves, follow-up - with a period of two weeks. A chicken litter is used from the organic.
- It is recommended to carry out moisture-loading watering of colonidal apple trees in the fall.
Cutting colonum appleal
Pruning is needed minimal, but it is an important and responsible stage of the agricultural engineering. The method of trimming depends on the type of tree crown.
- Varieties that do not have lateral shoots. Every year it grows only one major escape - this is the escape to continue the main conductor. If the upper kidney is damaged, then from the 2-3 kidney follows the powerful upper escape shoots grow. When trimming, you need to leave one of them - more developed (shoots cut off when their length is 15-20 cm).
- Varieties that form lateral shoots. In the spring of the annual trees, young side shoots cut off, leaving on them two kidneys. By the fall, two twigs will grow. Next spring escape, which grows up, cut off, leaving two kidneys. The second is horizontal - do not touch. On the third year on the horizontal, uncircumcised branch will be fruits, and the cut-off vertical will give 2 fosters of substitution. They do the same. Gradually sprinkled twigs are removed, the tree stem is taken off below.
Video about pruning colonum apple trees
Wintering colon's apple trees
So that the trees are well overwhelmed, the correct care and pruning of colon-shaped apple trees during the entire vegetation period are required.
- In the late autumn, with the onset of frost, you need to create a dry shelter of the lower part of the trunks and the root circle. For shelter, trees, husk, straw, sawdust will be useful.
- To protect against rodents, it is used to wrap the bottom of the trunk with a rag, old paper, newspapers.
- From the frost, the top kidney will protect the wrapping of it with observer material.
- After the emergence of snow, you need to perform a dip.
Gardeners speak well about the colon-shaped apple trees: they can be thick enough, they look impurious, well fruit, they are easy to care for them. Buy seedlings of colonum apple trees need in nurseries, garden centers, special stores. To obtain a high harvest of plants, it is necessary to provide nutrition, watering, carry out regular processing.
Start a discussion ...