Dwarf apple tree, landing and care. Dwarf apple trees: varieties, landing, care and photos

Recently, more and more amateur gardeners prefer the cultivation of dwarf apple trees, because they do not occupy a lot of space on the site and you can collect a decent harvest from one tree. Despite the high yield, the apple tree of this species is very demanding in care, there are nuances for the cultivation of fruit trees, which you need to know before planting a tree.

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Dwarf apple trees: description

Each gardener knows that a stripped tree of apple trees can be obtained only by one way - if you make vaccinations to a long time grown from the seed of a varietal cutting. But with a low-spirited apple tree, everything else - the cuttings are caught up with a dwarf dwarf or if there is no such, half a carician to get properties from the mother tree. Apple trees on a dwarf-colored in height grow up to 2-2.5 meters (there are varieties of dwarf apple trees reaching in a height of up to 4 m), and this is a long cultivation process. Therefore, increasingly, gardeners do not want to spend time on this and go to the market or in specialized stores, visit fairs where you can buy saplings of dwarf apple trees.

What you need to pay attention to when choosing dwarf seedlings apple trees:

The miniature fruit seedling is in small sizes.
At the ends of the branches should be large kidneys.
This plant has a basic root system, with small roots.
Is there any junction between the strab and root neck (the ledge is the place of the grafting of the cutter to the long time).
In addition to the listed - distinguish the usual tree from dwarfs easily, as the price of dwarf varieties of apple trees will be higher compared to conventional apple trees. This is due to the fact that during the cultivation of seedlings it is necessary to make more effort.
A dwarf apple tree is easy to confuse with colon-shaped, but there is one difference - this is a type of branching. The dwarf colonum apple tree will have only a trunk, without branching, although externally, in size, seedlings are very similar.

Photo of dwarf apple trees

Pros and cons of dwarf apple trees

Consider the main advantages of low fruit trees:

Size - Even in a small area, you can place fruit trees to assemble the crop of delicious, juicy and sweet apples. Compliance with landing rules: Trees disembarking in the wells at a distance of minimum 1.5 meters from each other. This is enough for growth and fruiting.
With low trees, it is always easier to collect harvest than with high fruit trees. It is easier to monitor each fetus with the aim of maintaining a commodity type.
Lightweight care of the apple tree, do not need to put the stairs to trim the branches.
Early fruiting: for 3-5 years after planting seedlings.
High yield on the principle of increasing.
Fruits are obtained by maximum nutrients, as the tree does not need to spend resources to feed the root system and wood.
Dwarf apple trees are not afraid of high groundwater, which can fill the root system from ordinary apple trees. The entire root system of low-spirited apple trees is almost from above and therefore dwarf apple trees are not afraid of reinforcing roots.
The fruit tree is not afraid of frosts, as the growth in the summer ends early.

Let's talk about flaws, it is:

Due to early fruiting, dwarf apple trees are growing quickly. The average duration of the growth of the tree is from 15 to 20 years, while the ordinary apple - 40.
The root system is located on the surface of the soil, it is required to cover the roots before the onset of the first autumn frosts.
High demanding to fertile soils. Due to the high yield of almost all varieties of dwarf apple trees, it is necessary to enter fertilizer soil.
Under the load of fruits, a small tree will need a support (not only branches, but also a trunk as well).

Dwarf apple trees: landing and care

The optimal season for planting an apple tree is spring, after snow comes down. Landing in the fall, in compliance with all the rules.

Requirements for the selection of landing sites:

soil fertile, fertilous;
the level of groundwater - at a depth of at least 1.5 m from the surface;
choose an elevated place, well protected from wind;
an apple tree can grow in a shaded place, but will better feel on small elevated areas well lit by the sun.

Landing dwarf apple trees:

Planting the fruit tree in early spring - when the snow came down and the kidneys appeared on the trees, but they have not yet revealed.
It is desirable to prepare the soil in advance since autumn, enriching fertilizers. Just during the winter period, it will be lost a little, and the fertilizers made are absorbed. Prepare 10 g of potash fertilizer or wood ash in the amount of 10 glasses. Mix the fertilizer with the chernozem bucket, fill the hole. You can take only 20 g of superphosphate, mix with the chernozem bucket.
With the onset of a favorable period for landing, you need to dig a pit of such sizes: 60 by 60 cm, a depth of 50 cm.
Saplings need to be planted immediately after the acquisition, while you will prepare the place, the roots before landing it is advisable to carefully wrap in a wet fabric so that they do not swam. So the tree quickly takes on a new place.
Before boarding, you need to make a trimming, removing the lower crown stack. Thus, it is possible to avoid milking fruits in the future.
If you need to put several seedlings, prepare the pits with a step of 3 m from each other.
Roll into the roots before planting a seedling in the soil so that the earth is between roots.
In the pit you need to pour the humus mixed with the ground (take the upper layer of the soil), pour water, mix. Proportions: Pouring bucket, earth bucket, water bucket.
To this wet soil you need to put an apple seedlock and immediately fall asleep to the pit of the earth. It is advisable to work together for the seedling in the middle of the pit.
Around the saplings, the soil must be sealing and make a 50 cm roller from the trunk, no more than 10 cm high, so that it was more convenient to water the tree.
Mulch the soil by humus, putting a layer of 3 cm.

The planting of the apple tree is different, as the tree is already at rest, having prepared for wintering.

Source requirements and landing rules:

prepare a hole, 60 per 60 cm in size, a depth of no more than 70 cm;
the soil must be wet and loose. These can be medium or light loam;
when preparing the pit, you need to discard the soil layer, 20 cm thick, to separately mix it with a humus and peat (by bucket). It is necessary to add wood ash (700 g) and superphosphate (600 g) to this mixture;
we proceed to planting a seedling: in the middle of the pits you need to insert a stake and sprinkle the enriched soil, perturbate the layer of the usual land on top (no more than 3 cm);
in the elevation, place the apple seedling, placing the roots. Count can be removed;
then you need to fill the pit with a soil, only to fill in the soil taken from the top layer (when preparing the pit);
blowing the seedling, it is important to prevent the roots to touch the soil with additives, as they can get a burn;
after planting a seedling, the soil around the trunk is needed to be well tumped and forming an elevation-roller, 15 cm high;
then you can pour water with water, using about 30 liters of water;
after absorbing the soil of moisture, you need to mulch the soil around the trunk peat or with a thickness of 3 cm;
saplot is advisable to bind, sticking in the ground peg;
make sure that the mulch layer does not come into contact with the apple tree trunk, in order to avoid burning burns.

At different times of the year, it is necessary to care for fruit dwarf trees in different ways. I will get acquainted with the emergence of apple trees in different periods of the year.

Care of dwarf apple trees in spring

The early spring has come, it is necessary to shorten the branches in adult trees as well:

Before the sludge will begin, it is necessary to treat trees from pests. It is enough to fasten the belt on the trunk to avoid the attack of insect pests.
It is unacceptable to dry out the root system, it is necessary to moisten the soil in time and loosen the soil around the trunk.
Turn the lime stans and the foundations of skeletal branches in the early middle of April. Preparation of a ward solution: 1: 1 lime and water, pour the lime with water, wait when the reaction (for an hour) passes. After stirring, a solution for whitewash trees is ready.
Facing at this time of year: the introduction of complex or nitrogen fertilizers. For example, 150 g of urea on 10 liters of water or take 1.5 buckets by humus, dilute 15 liters of water. For feeding young seedlings in a year or two after the landing, the bucket of the humor is taken on 10 liters of water.
Before the kidneys are swollen, trees need to be treated from pests by burgundy liquid or nitrafen. The treatment with urea solution (7% fortress) is allowed to prevent the insect attacks and at the same time to make nitrogen feeding. These events need to be carried out before the start of the deposit, otherwise you can get a strong renal burn, which with the beginning of the coating will be revealed.

Care of dwarf apple trees in summer

Summer, care is minimized, but even at least makes it necessary to make not destroy young, not yet strengthened trees.

What's important:

Do not allow the soil drying, especially in a rigorous circle.
Fighting insect pests - Bordeaux treatment with liquid or copper / iron vigor.
Upburn: bird litter or korovyan. Preparation of a concentrated solution: on 10 liters of water you need to take a bucket of a cowboy or bird litter. Insist - 10 days. 0.5 liters of chicken litter are taken from the resulting solution or 1 l cowboat, diluted in water bucket. Consumption under one apple tree: 1, a maximum of 2 buckets, not allowing the attractive part. After making liquid feeding, the soil must be exploded.
When the fruits are poured, the branches are hard, so it is necessary to make a support.

Caring for dwarf apple trees in the fall

In the period of ripening fruit, it is important to correctly care for apple trees:

Padalitsa and dry garbage is preferably removed all the time. Such simple events will allow you to easily collect a large harvest.
After collecting the fruits, it is necessary to feed the apple tree by minudging (but without nitrogen), perform sanitary trimming. The square meter of the soil needs to be made 1 tbsp. Potassium, 2 tbsp. Superphosphate double, dissolve in 10 liters of water.
You also need to be cleaned from the garbage and dry foliage the soil around the trunk, explode it.
In mid-October, the re-treatment of fruit trees from pests and diseases is desirable (iron / copper sipop, burglar liquid).

Care for dwarf apple trees in winter

In winter, plants need peace. It is necessary to take care that fruit trees do not died during the cold season. It is necessary to cover the attractive part of the apple tree with a humus or a compost thick layer, thumbnail. In winter, when there is a lot of snow, the husknik can be thrown away, and on the attractive part of the tree, throw more snow so that the apple trees have successfully transferred strong frosts.

Trimming dwarf apple trees

In order for the tree to receive nutrients, it is necessary to regularly trim. Such a need will also make it possible to form an apple accommodation evenly in all branches. During the trimming, small, weak branches are removed, which pull onto the nutrients, as well as thickened areas. After trimming at the seedlings of the first year, the root system develops well and as a result of the summer period, the tree goes well in gripping.

Rules Trimming:

First you need to carefully examine the kidneys and calculate how much they blossomed in the spring. For what it is necessary: \u200b\u200bthe first wake up the top kidneys, which take on a lot of nutrients. They need to be removed, and the middle shoots that will grow at a direct angle, leave. They will give strong shoots.
While the kidney also sleep and do not wake up, it is necessary to cut the length of the conductor approximately 20%.
Each subsequent year is to trim the annual growths are the same length. So you can achieve the uniform development of the fruit tree.
Golden sections on the tree should not be. It is necessary to perform a trimming evenly so that the shoots-annuals are accompanied throughout the crown.
It is important to delete large branches, slowing fruiting, dry and damaged, as well as fat.
If the slice turned out to be thicker than 7 cm, the bare place is treated with garden water.
It is important to stick to the temperature regime and do not cut the trees in the frost when the thermometer column drops below -5 degrees.
In the first year (spring) after planting, it is necessary to cut a tree to half a meter, make a cut on the kidney, which is on the opposite side of the vaccination.

Varieties of dwarf apple trees

There are varieties of favorites, which are very popular with amateur gardeners, as they relate to high-yielding. This is a variety of apple "Melba". 3 years after landing on the plot, you can count on the collection of the first harvest. The duration of the ripening of fruits is early, this is the end of July. The fruits of medium size, very sweet, as if caramel, meat juicy.

Consider the rest of the popular apple trees:

apple "Candy" is also one of the best varieties derived by the breeder I. Michuryin. The variety is raking, but fruiting is not such an early, like the above-described variety. The first harvest can be collected 4 years after landing a dwarf apple tree. Middle-sized fruits, very juicy and dense, apple color - dark green;
apple tree Dwarf "Wonderful" - a lateral grade, fruiting also 4 years after landing. This variety is valued due to high yield. From one tree you can collect up to 75 kg of large apples, weighing up to 140 g. Apples are very juicy, sweet, painting of fruits - yellow, with a characteristic red blush;
no less popular apple tree "Zhigulevskaya", because the crop can be collected for the 3rd year after landing. Close-up apples, red-orange painting, are distinguished by the fact that they have a long shelf life. They can lie until six months!
apples grade "Autumn striped" also deserve attention, because the small apple tree generously gives large fruits with characteristic acid. Apples are distinguished by a long shelf life, do not lose its freight form even at a temperature of +6 degrees;
"Landy" is a high-yielding grade, fruiting begins for the 3rd year after grafting. The timing of ripening and fruiting will depend on weather conditions. On average, it is worth counting on the middle of the first autumn month or at the end of September. From one tree you can collect up to 130 kg of harvest! Apples are very large, weighing up to 145 g, green with a red spexy, sour-sweet. The variety is not afraid of diseases and low temperatures, especially resistant to the paschers;
apple "Sokolovsky" ripens late autumn, literally before the first frosts. Fruiting of dwarf apple trees should be expected 4 years after landing. From one tree it is easy to assemble up to 85 kg of apples. The fruits are large, about 190-200 g from a mature tree, with just started fruit - the first crop will not be so abundant, but the fruits will be record large - up to 370 g! Apples juicy, sweet, but with sourness, greenish yellow painting with a small red spot-blush;
apples "Moscow Necklace" are very large and juicy, but not sweet, but with sourness. In the fruit of a gentle pink shade pulp, and the painting of the peel is red, bright. Dates of ripening: middle of autumn. Apples can be stored for six months;
"Peys of the Moscow region" - apples are small, yellow, acidic. But it is well opposed to diseases and an apple tree of this variety are not afraid of pests. Fruits never rot, resistant to the paschers;
apple trees "Brother Wonderful" or Abbreviated "Bratchud" - Ripen fruits late, only in the middle of autumn, but the tree is steadily for diseases and is not afraid of frosts. From one tree you can collect up to 120 kg of apples, weighing 160 g.;
another autumn variety of a dwarf apple tree - "carpet", after vaccination, the fruiting begins only for the 4th year, but immediately - the crop abundant to 110 kg (!) The fruits are large, from the young tree you can collect fruits weighing up to 270 g, in subsequent years - Until 190, apples are sweet, with a manifesting blush on the one hand, but the main painting of the fruits of this variety is yellow-green;
winter grade of the dwarf fruit tree "Snowdrop" - a crop with one apple tree is about 90 kg, the fruits are small, up to 170 g of light yellow, sour-sweet;
apple tree variety number "57-146" - a variety of frozen, fruit small, sour-sweet. The variety is capricious, as there are thin branches on the crown that interfere with collecting fruits. They must be terminated periodically. In addition, the lack, there is another one - the wood is fragile, so if the harvest was otned, the branches can be broken under the weight of the singular juicy fruits;
the most winter-hardy variety of a dwarf apple tree, which is suitable for growing in Siberia is an apple tree varieties "Ermakovskoye Field", "Altai Felix". Small trees are able to withstand even a heavy frost, up to minus 40-50 degrees. Fruits small (weight up to 80 g), fragrant, juicy, but with sourness;
summer grade of apples "Arkadik" - ripen the fruits at the end of summer, the weight is about 160 g, the flesh is juicy, sweet, with light sourness.

Diseases and pests of dwarf apple trees

Dwarf apple trees in the garden are susceptible to diseases and attack of pests in the same way as tall apple trees. Most often, trees are subjected to diseases such as rust, mosaic, malicious dew, rotting fruit, cytospose.

How to deal:

processing fungicides: copper / iron vigor, burgundy liquid, foundazole, gray colloidal, quadris;
if this is a viral or mycoplasma disease, medications will not help, so it is necessary to cut the affected places and treat trees with copper vitrios. If the tree failed to save, it will have to dig and destroy.

Prevention measures: proper care, compliance with the deadline for making feeding, it is necessary to follow the purity of the priority circle, remove dry and sick branches, loosen the soil.

Pests: the greatest danger for fruits and fruit trees is a word, fruit, mole fruit and ripple, fruit, nier pear, silkworms, apple ticks, sawmill, tubular, bloom. The best struggle measures are timely prevention. But if the solard was attacked on the apple tree, the tree should be treated with 1% carbofos solution (help in the fight against ticks). Processing to Sokalivation, when the kidney is still sleeping in order to prevent 3% carbofos solution, and if the kidney dismissed - 2%.

It is possible to escape from the appleary moth only by treating in the spring with a solution of "nitrafen" 3% for sleeping kidney, and after dissolving - "chlorophos" 7%.

Dwarf apple tree: reviews

Inna Petrovna: « For a long time in my garden, there are a good harvest of the popular varieties of dwarf apple trees. I have a big garden, the trees are planted with rows, it is very convenient to treat the soil, watering as needed and harvest. Trees are low, easy to stretch your hand and disrupt the apple. Even my grandchildren with great pleasure help me in harvesting».

Yulia Nikolaevna: « Among the favorites of varieties of dwarf apple trees, I have a "wonderful" grade. The tree is low, compact, unpretentious. I follow in the heat so that the soil near the trunk did not save, I put feeding to the ground. It is not difficult to care how to collect harvest. I planted the first tree 3 years ago and this summer gathered the first harvest! Apples are sweet, fragrant, just to eat, and the juice of the defector to do. By the way, the apples of this variety lie for a long time and do not spoil. Jablocks, though small, barely 2 meters reaches, but strong and hardy, not afraid of frosts in our areas».

Viktor Petrovich: « I recently planted several saplings of dwarf apple trees at the cottage, the neighbor was given the seedlings in the country. I planted myself and gave me, praised, says soon wait for a large harvest. While it is too early to think about it, I try to keep track of the soil, make fertilizers to develop well well. In the meantime, the neighbor treats apples from his garden, he has a large garden and many different varieties of dwarf apple trees. Very convenient, by the way, collect harvest, I helped him this year. Bulk apples, strong, very fragrant and delicious».

Dwarf apple trees. Video: