Drip irrigation can turn the desert into an oasis. Equipment of the drip irrigation system with their own hands for dacms and farmers traditionally justifies itself, since the cost of creating it is incommensurable with the results - to obtain a crop that will not wait long.
Watering methods of plants
In addition to watering plants by hand from the watering can, there are several irrigation methods. These include the following watering methods:
- sprinkling, i.e. sprinkling water from above through a sprayer - this method is widely used for irrigation of lawns and flower beds;
- intravenously (using a system of special porous pipes and hoses) - It is used for irrigating garden perennial plants requiring painstaking care, as well as to irrigate the living ingreders;
- with the help of a drip irrigation system, which transports water directly to the zone of plant roots, which provides fast absorption. Such a system is very effective for cultivation of crops, in particular, vegetables.
The advantages of drip iris
The most effective method of watering is considered to be drip irrigation.
The drip irrigation system includes the following elements:
- main binding (trunk) pipes;
- plastic tape equipped with calibrated holes through which water comes directly to the roots of plants.
The following advantages of drip irrigation technology can be distinguished:
- the moisture comes directly into the root zone of plants, not settling on the leaves and stems - thus, the moisture absorption occurs. This method is optimally suitable in the case of a strong wind;
- the appearance on the ground of a damp crust, leading to the root of the site, is excluded. As a result, the roots of the plant have the ability to "breathe", there is no rapid growth of weeds, as well as the need to constantly explode the soil after watering;
- drip irrigation can be carried out at any time of the day, including in the heat under the right sunlight, without fear of burns on the leaves of plants and the subsequent development of their diseases;
- ease of operation and maintenance - this system of drip irrigation of the garden and the garden saves time and labor costs for irrigation (no need to transfer hoses and monitor the level of soil moisturizing), and also reduces water consumption;
- water is evenly distributed over all the beds on the plot covered drip irrigation;
- with drip irrigation, it is easy to establish support for the optimal level of humidity without significant oscillations that are inherent in the rest of the watering methods;
- this method of irrigation contributes to the development of a branched root plant of plants with a large number of active processes;
- when making a fertilizing solution through a drip irrigation system, the plants are obtained directly roasting. Thanks to such technology, fertilizer consumption is significantly reduced.
How to make a drip irrigation system with your own hands
To create a drip irrigation system, special pre-acquired skills will not be required, various drip irrigation schemes can be easily found on the Internet. It will be necessary to purchase some starting materials, as well as spend a few hours of time to arrange such a system. But it will be significantly reduced labor costs to irrigation organization, as well as the efficiency of water consumption.
As a source supplying water for drip irrigation in a greenhouse, garden or garden, a central water supply system, as well as other sources - a well, closed with water or a container, which is necessary to periodically fill with water. The second option is more convenient for the control of water consumption - in case the owner needs to be removed somewhere for several days, it is possible to leave irrigated with particular concerns. For watering plots of small size, it is quite realistic to do without the central pipeline - according to reviews, the water barrels are enough for irrigation of a ten meter garden for five days.
Choice and installation of yelling droppers
For a plot with a complex relief, as well as long rows of beds, it is recommended to use hard or thick-walled tubes with built-in droppers.
Outdoor droppers produce several species:
- with a fixed amount of water - transmitting a constant amount of water for a certain period of time;
- adjustable - their design allows you to manually adjust the intensity of irrigation. It should be borne in mind that when using adjustable droppers by the end of the long row, the watering pressure may fall;
- uncompensated - in them the intensity of irrigation depends on the pressure in the pipes, declining by the end of the row. Such droppers are suitable for a short length bed;
- compensated - equipped with a silicone membrane, which in the case of a decrease in water pressure below a certain indicator overlaps a special valve. The working pressure of such droppers is within 0.4-3.5 atm. Produced compensated droppers, calculated on the passage of water in quantities of 2.4 and 8 l / h;
- thumb type droppers are equipped with several disks for watering, which is very convenient for irrigation of the roar system from different sides, or for watering several plants.
To mount the outer droppers, it will be necessary to do in the tubes with a seer or cutting screw hole with smooth edges with a diameter of 0.3 mm. Immediately after piercing, the dropper is inserted into the hole, to improve the fixation, the pipe during installation is necessary to warm up - the usual hairdryer is suitable.
Required materials and tools
For the organization of drip irrigation, the following materials and tools will be needed:
- polyethylene pipes (PND) with a diameter of about 40 mm (you can use the usual garden hose);
- plug on the pipe;
- cleaning filter - Select a removable mesh design that will easily wash. It will be necessary to do it quite often, otherwise the whole system of drip irrigation can clog;
- shut-off valves (ball and dispensing cranes, couplings, detachable connections, splits, as well as adapters, angles and plugs);
- drip irrigation tape (polyethylene tube with a diameter of 16-20 mm with built-in either outdoor droppers);
- awl;
- drill and drill;
- tow;
- rubber seals;
- silicone sealant;
- pliers (Pasal).
Work on the arrangement of the self-made drip irrigation system is recommended to be carried out on the site in the spring, even before the field of field work.
Preparatory work: planning
First of all, it is necessary to draw a scheme with an indication of the beds on it, plan the daily water consumption for each of the irrigation zones, and also consider the placement of the irrigation system elements - water, pipes, locking equipment, drip ribbons. After determining the required amount of materials and the purchases made, you can proceed directly to the installation of the watering system.
When planning a watering system, it should be noted that in the case of placement of the system on a plot located on the slope, the main pipes are placed horizontally, drip hoses - under the tilt. In addition, used for irrigation pipes, laid on the soil, should be non-transparent (light-tight) in order to avoid water flowering and further clogging of the system. In the case of an in-depth in the soil of the water supply, the pipes with thickened walls are chosen.
The consumable amount of water and the rate of watering will depend on water pressure. If you raise the tank of 1.5 m above the level of soil, then the resulting pressure will allow you to start the irrigation process. A hole for connecting to a water tank is recommended to be made at an altitude of about 10 cm on the bottom level so that the garbage particles do not fall into the watering system, accumulating at the bottom of the container. It is not recommended to use metal tanks for water, as even small rust stains may subsequently provoke clogging of the holes of the watering system.
Sequence of irrigation equipment
For the manufacture of irrigation system, you will need to perform the following work:
- put markings in one plane on the trunk pipes - in places where the holes for connecting with a drip ribbon will be placed (according to inter-row distances);
- by fixing the pipe with the help of vice, it is necessary to make a hole drill with a diameter necessary for a sealing connection (according to the diameter of the components). They insert seals and fittings;
- then the pipe should be connected to the water supply source (water supply or garden capacity), as well as install the plug on the end of the pipe cut;
- next to the trunk tube join drip ribbons with pre-installed droppers and lay them out in beds. The ends of the tape should be made hermetic, installing the plug by fixing the wire or "gluing" with heating and passage.
It should be noted that before using the installed equipment, it is recommended to rinse the installed equipment, as well as clean the installed filters should not less often than once a week (if possible, it is recommended to carry out such a procedure daily). Liquid or easily soluble fertilizers are made directly through the watering system - after this procedure, it is necessary to wash the water tank and run short-term irrigation to cleanse the system.
The drip irrigation system is quite convenient in operation, it works fine at low water pressure.
After graduation, the watering system must be disassembled, washing, remove moisture from it (drain water). After having got burned, it should be accurately folded the watering system (hoses are easily wound on the reels) and stored along with other economic accessories.
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