How to grow early potatoes

Spring is a time when more and more fresh fruits and vegetables appear on our tables, and young potatoes become the main product in the diet of most residents of the country. The old stocks of this vegetable, prepared for the winter, no longer possess a good taste, so growing early potatoes becomes more relevant. We will tell about the subtleties of such a process in this article.

General rules for growing early potatoes

In general, the growing processes of early, as well as the middle-easier and late species of the vegetable, are similar to each other, but the angrotechnology of the early potato has several subtleties. To get a good harvest, you need to follow certain rules:

• the seating material must undergo a narrowzation, that is, tubers should be prepared for landing by carrying out a complex of certain events. Yarovization is also relevant when planning the middle and late varieties, but in the case of early potatoes, it is necessary to spend much more time for such training;
• the early grade of culture should be used as a landing material, and the climatic features of the terrain should also be taken into account in this issue;
• a good harvest can be obtained if only large and healthy tubers are selected for landing;
• early potatoes must be in a timely manner with suitable fertilizers;
• landing deadlines also play an important role;
• planting early potatoes should be tight enough;
• to obtain a good crop, it is important not to forget about proper care of the culture.

Consider more details of growing early potato varieties:

1. Before growing early potatoes, you need to produce tuber nerves. This procedure includes a set of mandatory measures to which the planting material is heating, germinating tubers in light, selection and calibration of vegetables. The purpose of narrovization is to obtain a good harvest, and non-fulfillment of at least one of the specified stages will affect the number of potatoes assembled.
2. To increase the likelihood of obtaining a rich harvest, it is necessary to grow seedlings of early potatoes in special peat pots.
3. When landing early potatoes, it is important to comply with the correct time. The clubs of the plant is made to plant in the ground while the period of sowing early grain crops occurs. Do not forget about the temperature of the soil, at the depth of landing this indicator should be at least 3-4 ° C. If planted early potato varieties too late, this will affect the amount of crop.
4. The planting material must be selected with special care. In the ground, only large tubers with strong, not broken sprouts will well. In addition, when blowing potatoes in the soil, the sprouts should be directed upwards. If you put the burned culture with sprouts down, the meaning of narrowing will be lost.
5. The density of the early potato landing has an important meaning, because the number and quality of the future harvest also depends on this factor. If we talk about an industrial scale, then the density of the landing should be at least 55,000 bushes per 1 hectare. When landing early varieties of potatoes, it is necessary to observe the distance between rows of 0.6-0.7 m. In each row, the distance between the tubers should not exceed 0.3 m. With sufficient thicance, it is possible to obtain a crop growth of 20%.
6. When culture sprouts break through the ground, they will need to carefully care for them. Care includes, first of all, timely and sufficiently deep loosening of the soil around bush. The loosening contributes to the penetration of air to the roots of plants, and also supports the favorable thermal mode of soil. Early fringed potatoes leads to intensive growth and development of seedlings. In the process of forming a green mass, it is necessary to carry out a similar procedure at least 3-4 times.
7. A rich harvest of early potatoes can be obtained only if you fulfill all activities in the complex.

Features of selection of planting material

Early yield of potatoes can be obtained only if the culture variety is correct. Among popular breeding varieties can be distinguished by such:

• "Serpanok";
• "Impala";
• "Karatop";
• "Early Rose";
• "Cobz";
• Talovsky 110.

These varieties are characterized by the rapid formation of tubers and their early ripening. But it should also be understood that even the correctly chosen grade will not always give equally good crops. The number of potatoes collected will depend on the climatic conditions made by fertilizers, reactions to feeding and many other factors.

When growing early potatoes, it is necessary to pay attention not only to its variety, but also on the quality and size of tubers. Selecting planting material, it is important to evaluate its appearance, size, damage, cleanness. For planting potatoes only healthy and large tubers are suitable. By selecting them on narrivation, all patients and damaged specimens need to be eliminated, all the sprouts should be broken on the remaining material, the length of which exceeds 2 cm, then the tubers need to be sorted in size and send each group to narrivation.

The best material for the landing is the specimens in weight from 60 g to 80 g. For tubers of different sizes, you need to choose different parts of the earth, because the growth and development of small and large potatoes will not occur at the same speed.

Preparation of potato tubers for landing

Light germination

One of the required stages of the early potato narrovization is the germination of tubers. You can carry out a similar process in special mesh tanks with partitions, you can use film bags for such purposes, and you can choose any other convenient containers. The main thing is during the germination of the planting material to stick to the heat and light mode.

The intensity and correctness of the development of sprouts on the tubers depends on the amount of light. With a lack of lighting, the sprouts are strongly pulled in length and are obtained thin, during injection of potatoes in Earth such shoots may break. If the tubers get a sufficient amount of light, the sprouts will be strong, although not too long. But such shoots are well held on the tubers and the risk of their damage during the landing is practically absent. The optimal length of sprouts should be from 1 to 1.5 cm.

Properly organized lighting affects not only the length and thickness of the shoots, but also on the number of nodes, of which the collisses are subsequently formed. It is believed that for the extension of the early potato, the lighting brightness should not be less than 600 suites. At the same time, the light in the room where vegetables are located, it must be scattered and soft, since direct sunlight can cause element of shoots and deterioration in the quality of the crop.

The duration of the daylight is also important. For better germination of potatoes, the duration of lighting should be at least 10 hours a day. Since only due to sunlight, it will be almost impossible to achieve such an indicator, artificial light should be used as a supplement to natural. It is best to choose electrical lamps with a capacity of about 60-75 W / m².

The optimal air temperature in the room where young potatoes are being cleaned, an indicator is considered at 13-15 ° C. Approximately 4-5 days before the planned date of planting of the culture, you need to harden the tubers slightly, dropping the temperature twice.

Combined germination

An alternative to light germination of potatoes is the so-called combined germination. It is carried out in several stages:

1. After sprouts are formed on the tubers, potatoes are placed in boxes and are covered with one of the selected materials: straw, peat, wood sawdust, sand or soil. The thickness of such a layer should be approximately 5-7 cm.
2. Powerful material is moisturized and leave tubers for 1-2 weeks.
3. After the specified time on potatoes will appear roots. After that, the tubers can be planted in the ground. The landing procedure is carried out manually into pre-prepared grooves.

Early potato fertilizer

Processing potatoes with certain compositions should be started at the stage of formation of sprouts. In the process of germination, tubers should irrigate micro-and macroelectric solutions. The solutions of copper sulfate, sulfate zinc, boric acid or manganese can act as such substances. The concentration of the active substance should be 0.02-0.05%, the amount of solution per 100 kg of potatoes is 5-6 liters. Spray tubers follows 1 time in 7 days. Together with micro and macroelements to improve growth, special stimulants can be applied: succinic acid, heteroacexin or giblin. The irrigation by tubers in stimulating substances is better to spend a few hours before the planting of potatoes into the ground. The planting material is buried to the ground to a depth of 10 cm. It is desirable that the temperature of the soil at this depth was at least 6 ° C.

Worth the question of how to get a good harvest of early potatoes, it is important to understand all the subtleties of fertilizers in the soil when growing culture. Consider more Features of this process:

1. Early potato varieties are inclined to be saturated with fertilizers faster than the middle-easier and late cultures. In the period from May to June, the plants can spend the maximum amount of nutrients, therefore it is more convenient to use easily disabled means of fast action as feeding.
2. Excellent fertilizer for early potatoes is considered humus. It provides the creation in the soil of the optimal nutrient medium, good thermal, water and microbiological balance. The humus is made to the ground, taking into account the climatic characteristics of the terrain. For example, in northern latitudes it is customary to do in the spring, since manure does not only feed, but also a warming function. In the south of the country and in the central areas of its areas are made in the soil in the autumn months.
3. For active growing green mass, early potatoes need nitrogen feeders that can be provided through the use of ammonium nitrate. But it is impossible to get involved in nitrogen compositions, since excessive buildup of the tops will lead to a deterioration in the development of the root system and, as a result, will reduce the number of tubers.
4. For a good tuber formation, it is necessary to feed potatoes with phosphoric fertilizers, to which the precipitate and superphosphate can be attributed. Early varieties of plants need more phosphate substances compared to late cultures. At 100 kg of vegetables should have from 6 to 9 kg of fertilizers.
5. When feeding early potatoes, a special need for the use of potash compositions disappears. Often, potash fertilizers do not have a noticeable effect on the quality and quantity.
6. Possessed on the culture and minerals presented in high-speed forms. Using minerals, you can get a good harvest in the shortest possible time.

Growing early potatoes under the film

An optimal method of growing early potatoes can be considered to be germinated under film shelter. The film, covering the soil with sprouts, creates quite warm and wet conditions, in which seedlings germinate faster, and bushes increase a strong and developed root system. Potatoes landed under the film is not afraid of frosts and develops more intensively.

The timing of ripening of early potatoes under the film, as a rule, for 2-3 weeks, in short, than similar deadlines in a culture grown in the open way. Consider the phased process of growing early potatoes under the film:

1. First you need to choose a suitable material from early ripening varieties. The tubers are better to choose large, they must be solid, healthy and intact. Large tubers are better tolerant freezing and the likelihood of their favorable aging above. In addition, the root system of the bush grown from large potatoes will be more powerful and strong, the bush forms a lot of shoots and the harvest with it will be abundant.
2. The selected landing material must be sent to the extension in one of the ways that were described above. With light germination, you need to keep potatoes in a well-lit room for 1-1.5 months. Approximately 1-1.5 weeks before the club disembarking is transferred to moisturized peat, sand or straw.
3. The area for planting potatoes should not be very frozen by the winds, so on the side where the wind is most often blowing, it is advisable to put the partition.
4. The soil for landing should be enough to crumble well.
5. The location scheme is better prepared in advance. Such a plan should take into account the size of the film that the soil will be covered.
6. Film shelter can be 2 species: frame and frameless. With frameless shelter, the canvas simply spreads on the ground, covering the future seedlings. In case of skewers, it is necessary to build a design that will hold the film above the surface of the soil. This design is made of wooden or metal rods, as well as from any other suitable materials. The film canvas stretches over the frame, the edges of which are fixed on the garden with the help of the grieving of the Earth. With a frameless way, it is impossible to press tightly to ground to the ground, because growing shoots will not be able to raise it freely.
7. When seedling germinate, it is important to observe the correct temperature on the surface of the soil. In the hot day days, the air under the film shelter is able to warm up to 50-60 ° C, so at such a time it is necessary to ensure the ventilation bushes. Remove the material is optional in the case of using a film with holes. It is not recommended to remove the film until the second half of May until the threats of frosts.
8. In sufficiently warm weather it is worth removing the material to rush the weeds sprouted near the bushes of potatoes. If the soil near the seedlings are too dry, it must be moistened.
9. You can do the holes in the film yourself using the perforator. The holes are drilled directly in the roll of the material, the diameter should be about 1 cm, and 1 m² should have about 200 such holes. The same canvas can be used for several years. For this, the film after removal should be rinsed, to dry carefully, rolling into the roll again and remove storage.
10. In about the second half of May, you can collect the first harvests of early potatoes.

Early potatoes under the film is grown in two ways. In the first case, the earth is simply covered with a cut of the material, in the second case, film greenhouses use. When cultivating culture in unheated greenhouses, it is best to use the finished seedlings or tubers separated by the combined method. Potato seedlings are grown in peat pots, the diameter of which is 10 cm. In winter, after sorting, the selected tubers are distributed over the pots and sprinkle with a tire or a mixture of peat and humidia. The tanks are installed in the pallets and placed in a warm place. In the first days of spring, the pot with seedle is transferred to the greenhouse, pre-equipped the soil with a composition of 10 liters of water, 30 g of potassium chloride, 1 g of copper mood and 60 g of superphosphate.

During the week, the temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 20-22 ° C, and then reduce this indicator to 10-12 ° C, so that the root system does not develop too actively and did not switch the border of the peat pot.

Early potatoes at the initial stages of its development are not too demanding for frequency and intensity of irrigation, but observations showed that the roots of the bushes grow more actively, when the soil moisture is about 50-60%. The most responsible period in terms of moisturizing is the time of formation of buds and potato blossoms. However, excessive moisture in the soil will not be placed, since the aeration of the roots may worse. Watering early potatoes are recommended 1 time in 7 days, 1 m² of soil should have about 50-60 liters of water.

Air humidity also plays an important role in growing young potatoes. This indicator should be kept at a mark of 60-70%. If the humidity is excessive, the culture may become phytofluorosis.

The harvesting harvest of early potatoes is carried out when with 1 bush can be obtained 0.5-0.6 kg of vegetables. Until that time, the harvest can be collected selectively, digging the most tall plants or only separate potatoes with developed bushes.

Early potatoes, photo:

Early potatoes. Video