Georgina, landing and care in the open soil. Growing Georgin, landing and care rules. Features of growing dahlia, varieties, landing and care rules in open ground.

What epithets are associated with dahlias? Bright, solemn, lush, elegant, parade, abundantly, ... these flowers even in the autumn time create a holiday in the country area. In order for the cultivation of dahlias to be successful, you need to know the features of these plants, choose a variety for your site and adhere to the recommendations of experienced flowerflowers.

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General information about dahlias

It is in Russia that these plants are most often called dahlias. In other countries of the world, these are Dahlia or George. But in the homeland - in Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Guatemala, local residents called these representatives of the flora of Akokotli. The word strange for us is translated as a "water trumpet". We also give another name - cokexes, its approximate translation is "flower with hollow stems." And the point here is that the Indians took hollow stems of the cokex, whose height reached several meters, and adapt them as water pipes, and tubers were used as a food product. In my homeland, acocculation grows precisely as a perennial, it is not required to dig up for a period of rest. The scientific name of Dahlia was formed from the last name Dal (Anders Dal - Botanist from Sweden, who was the first to describe these flowers). Georgina (pay attention - female genus) The flower was named Karl Wildenov (Botany) in 1803 in honor of another botany, geographer and ethnographer George Gotlib. Currently, according to the words "the word Georgina" (female genus), it is considered an outdated form and is used mainly by flowers or in specialized literature. It is more correct to use the shape of a male family - "Georgin".

Most of the damasters cultivated in the regions with cold winters are perennials that are not wintering in the open ground. Their height from 20 to 250 centimeters. All of them belong to the Astrov family. Stems from Datasy branching, hollow, easily break. The color of the leaves varies from light green to a saturated green, apparent black, there is a omission. Their inflorescences are baskets, the magnitude of which in diameter from three and to thirty five centimeters. Inflorescences consist of tubular and tongue flowers. The flowering of dahlias can be observed from July and before the arrival of stable frosts. Each autumn, the above-ground part of these plants die. But the lower part of the stalk of the weird structure together with the tuber roots digs and retain. You can meet tubers of different shapes: oblong, sharp, rounded. A set of nutrients that will use the plant after the wintering period will be published in the root, when it returns to open ground.

A variety of dahlias

Dalances in European countries are very popular, there are very productively engaged in their selection. Now the number of varieties exceeds 10,000. They are conventionally divided into groups taking into account the form and structure of the flower:

pomponny (variety "Noreen" with pink "balls", "Willo's Violet" with pale-lilac "balls");
spherical (grade with red-peach inflorescences called "CRICHTON HONEY", as well as yellow "heads" "ESMONDE" or orange-red "swirls";
single-row (non-none), for example, "Orangeade" (with flowers of red-orange color) and "Yellow Hammer" (yellow color);
decorative (fully terry);
collar (for example, grade with red and cream flowers called "Chimborazo");
nymphine (lotuminous, terry, seven-hotels, very beautiful - Snow-white grade "Women's" and gentle-pink flowers at the Grahie Hawk variety, and at the Pink Diadem variety - brightly pink);
anemoneovoid (semi-grade, here: COMET varieties with red flowers, "Lucy" (yellow-purple));
pionic (multi-row, for example, one of the bright representatives is a "Symphony" grade, giving flowers of punch-red color);
cactus (terry, with straight or curved petals, "visit", he has large, bright red flowers, "Akita" with red-yellow inflorescences and "Danny", gigantic, with pink-painted flowers);
poluniquots (transitional, terry, for example, "WHITE SWALLOW", giving white small flowers, as well as a variety with large bevel-painted flowers "Nantenan");
mixed (stars, orchidolochny).

Decorative - Perhaps this is the most numerous group, here are some of its beautiful varieties:

"Coco" (low-spirited, form many cute spherical inflorescences, the painting of which is yellow, with the presence of red strokes on the petals);
David Howard (Orange Inflorescences);
"Jocondo" (gigantic, with flowers painted in a lilac);
"Gitts Ettenshn" (the height of the bushes up to 120 centimeters, there are white inflorescences formed on them);
"Kenora Valentine" (the height of the plant within 110-130 centimeters, and on it there are spectacular red flowers, the size of which is from 18 to 25 centimeters);
"Wandas Chapel" (luxurious, large (up to 25 centimeters) bright yellow inflorescences are revealed on these Georns;
"Papagen" (surprises with its chic cream-pink flowers, the size of which reaches 27 centimeters);
"Jamaica" (perfectly suitable for borders bushes, reaching the height of 70 centimeters, on which red-white flowers are revealed).

But several masterpieces of foreign breeders, participants and winners of various contests and exhibitions:

"Shamer" ("balls" of yellow-pink color);
"Coallio Borealis" (gentle-lemon fluffy "balls");
"Susan Marie" (painting colors pink, their petals deeply dissected);
"Reikroft Jean" (English variety with snow-white inflorescences);
"Orlando" (petals with pearl overflows);
Rokambol (huge bright orange flowers).

In the size of the stalks of Dahlia, you can partially be divided into gigantic, tall, average, low-spirited and even dwarf.

If you do not have the opportunity to dig longeuled dahlias in the fall, and then place them for storage until spring, but you really like these bright flowers, then look at the packages with the seeds of annual dahlias.

Georgina "Funny guys" most often decorated with summer and autumn flower beds. These are bushes reaching the height of 100 centimeters with an abundance of "baskets" of different colors.

In stores you will meet other spectacular varieties of aluminors:

Piccolo is a low bush (up to 45 centimeters) with "Pomponami". It will suit the loggia and growing in the rooms;
"Bambino" (dwarf, superrand) - the height of these compact bushes is only 20-25 centimeters, and on every two months (or more), terry flowers, reaching diameters of 6-8 centimeters, are revealed;
"Dandy" - low bushes with multicolored original semi-world inflorescences having "collars";
"Lark" from July and to autumn frosts on a semi-scattering bush, growing up to 60 centimeters, terry (sometimes semi-marched) attractive inflorescences are revealed. Their painting can be red, pink, white, yellow, purple-carmine. They are fragrant, so the bees are always twisted nearby, along the way, pollinating and arranged vegetable crops;
"Summer Watercolor" - a bush up to 75 centimeters, at the same time, 15 flowers are disclosed on it, surprising saturated, juicy paints;
"Bright pumps" - with good care, the bush grows up to 100 centimeters, there are dense "pumps" of carminno-red, white, pink, yellow or orange painting in his branches. Their diameter is about 8 centimeters;
"Unvins Dwarf" - the plant is very well branching, has an abundance of large (up to nine centimeters) inflorescences, the color of which can be not only yellow, but also purple, red. New "baskets" will be revealed to the most frosts on the branches.

If there is a "mix" grade bag on the bag, then there are different variety windows that will be the same height, but with different flowers, for example, "Opera", "Marquise", "Carmen", "Charger", "Monarch", "Rainbow colors", "Fireworks", "Ribbon".

Where to place Georgina?

These plants should be planted on those places that are often illuminated by sunlight, and at the same time are protected by a building or shrubs from drafts and strong winds that can ruthlessly break the stalks. The soil must be with good water permeable properties, nutritious. Suglinki or squeeze fit well. The optimal reaction of the medium for the development of database is weakly acidic or neutral. If you know that the soil you have very sour, then you can correct the situation with a dolomite flour or greased lime. In the opposite case, to acidify the soil, peat add. For the enrichment of the soil in the fall, a compost land or humus is used. In the spring makes wood ashes and mature compost.

Features of planting and georgic care annual

Seeds of Diak on seedlings are sent to the substrate in April (in the regions of the middle lane) or in March (in the southern regions). Make recesses, distances between which will be 3 centimeters. Put in each two seed and fall off the substrate. Container Blank with film. Open the substrate daily for a few minutes. Shoots you will see quickly - after a week (or earlier). Put them in a warm room on a light window sill. They should be regularly water. Then sip, preferably every seedman in a separate pot. In May, these seedlings must be booted on the balcony. Or transport them to the country, day to expose in a box to the garden, and at night put to the greenhouse. When days with frosts will be held, planting plants in open ground. Leave a sufficient place to each bush so that they rose spread and not close each other. In a deep boarding hole, first pour the fertile soil, and then put a small bush of dahlias there. Seal the land and generously paint their landings. Clear Dali, not allowing the convergence, otherwise the roots will begin to rot. If the soil is dry, then the bushes will be worse to develop, the colors will reveal less on them. Ensure that annual dahlias do not get sick, damaged by pests. Feed them twice a month, then bloom will be lush, and colorful as long-term dahlias.

If there is no place in the apartment for seedlings, there is no place in the apartment or the time to care for her, then in early May you can soak the seeds of dahlias, and then sow into the grooves to the garden, which then should be covered with a film. Seeds are large, they are comfortable to stretch into the grooves. In June, the grown plants from this bed together with a lump of land, captured by Sovkom, pick up the flower beds or along the tracks.

Landing Georgin Perennial

Best to buy planting materials no earlier than the middle of spring. Choose strong and fleshy tubers that are already evident small rostochku. If the touch tuber seems soft or dry, then give up on these instances.

If you dahlias were in storage, in April klubnekorni need to get and prepare for landing. Free them from the dried roots, carefully remove the damaged places. The slices should be processed pharmacy "brilliant green." Take a box of nutrient soil, thither their korneklubni so that on the surface they were three centimeters. Let the box stand up in a brightly lit room, where the temperature is about 18 degrees. When the tuber of the kidneys can be cut into pieces, if you have enough planting material. On each delonke should be at least one kidney (or better two). Just a few days let delonki doraschivat in the same drawer in moist soil. When the side shoots reach a height of 10 cm, they are cut. Do not rush to throw away these shoots, they come as cuttings for propagation of dahlias. Send them into the ground, pre-hold in "Kornevine" to accelerate the formation of roots. Put the container in a shady place and moisten the ground constantly. When the cuttings take root, they can be planted in the garden.

If you have a lot of tubers, then a portion of them are not worth sharing.

Planting dahlias in a garden carried in the last week of May or early June. The pits are usually made depth of 40 centimeters and the same diameter. At the bottom pour manure scoop (decomposed) or humus. Next, sprinkle a layer of earth and then send it to sprouting tuber (or delonku). Ground coffee use not only the tuber, but a few centimeters of the stem (the growth bud, root neck). For giant and tall varieties necessarily immediately substitute prop size. Next steps - watering and mulching. Mulching make a mixture consisting of sawdust, bark, peat chips (or compost soil).

Recommendations for care for dahlias

Dahlias usually enough natural rainfall. But if the rain for a long time there, the watering must be conducted once or once a week. The moisture in the roots should not stagnate, or tubers may rot. Favored by the state affects bush dahlias loosening and removal of weeds. But if there is no time to loosen the soil under the flowers, the land under the bush mulch.

We have already mentioned that the stalks of Delia hollow, brittle. Therefore, timely tie them to the pegs or the lattice fence.

So that there are beautiful flowers on the bush, after the appearance of steps, it must be formed. After the development of the fourth pair of leaves, the top must be discredited. From varieties that need large inflorescences to increase their size, all shoots growing from the sides are worth removing. If you leave the growing steps, which develop on stems, then flowering is delayed, passes quickly. Yes, and flowers are formed not those promised sizes, and smaller. Pasking Dalius should be timely and regular until the moment when notice buds, as this process is carried out at tomatoes. Pieces experienced flowerflowers from Georgin remove to the interstice, which precedes the node with the boutons. There are no collar, pomponny, dwarf molds, as well as grades forming small flowers. These steps for rooting are sent to the pot with a substrate and put on the windowsill. Spring from such stepsings, good-quality bushes are obtained, which can be transplant to the garden or put in a pot on the veranda.

For those dahlias that are grown for cutting, medium-sized buds that have short bluers are removed so that two next to the growing side flowers have the opportunity to grow well. This technique allows at a bush to get at least 15 large lush inflorescences for a bouquet. If there are many leaves in the lower part of the dahlias bush, which began to close the root neck, then some of them will have to trim in order to ripen Cornkelyluben. Those inflorescences on the bush that showed their beauty and fade, it is necessary to cut off the plants. It happens that frosts come in September, and then the weather is improving again. Then in front of frosts, hurt your dahlias so that the tubers are not injured, and flowering will continue further.

What to feed Dahlia?

Every two weeks, these plants are recommended to feed, if possible, alternating mineral complexes and the organic. Ammonium nitrates per square meter takes 15 grams. Bird litter or korovyan take only those who were overwhelmed and diluted (in the ratio of one to twenty, and for a cowber one to ten). For ten liters of water (the amount is indicated on 8 bushes), 30 grams of superphosphate and potassium connections are poured. In August, only potassium sulfate is added to the water for watering. First, POLIT, and then carry out feeding of dahlias.

Who can harm geories?

Juicy parts of the plants love to rummage slugs. Especially their many on the rainy season. The land around the bushes is recommended to sprinkle ash powder, putting traps with beer, collecting in the morning of the smelters there. If you have tomato pages, make such a tool. In the bucket, put the cut steps, pour them with water. The fermentation process should take seven days. After unpleasantly smelling dark fluid from the bucket, strain. Send a liter of such a fluid to a large bucket and make it conventional water to the upper edge. Splash the composition of the plant and the soil around them. For a long time, three such treatments help the leases.

Hanging buds during their formation can two-tailed (inhabitant). After their night tricks, which are in the darling of gentle components of buds, the flowers look weak. To avoid such permit, once a week, make spraying bushes with bitter influences - cleanliness or wormwood.

From ticks, trips, caterpillars, the tri helps spraying with special system insecticidal drugs.

Diseases of George

Sometimes the appearance of plants can spoil diseases:

Fusariosis - if the rotting raised the roots, then the flowers fall out, the leaves fade. On the plant is noticeable pinking raid. With such signs, such specimens should be removed and destroyed together with roots, and the plants located nearby urgently treat "Oxychom" or "Fundazole". Places where the roots of sick plants, fill in garden lime. Two seasons on this territory do not plant anything.
Spotted leaves - Under the influence of Entyloma fungus on the sheet plates, yellowish-green specks arise, which tend to break. Soon they become grayish brown with dark crossing. At the initial stage of the lesion, you can try "Oxychich", "Kupros", "Bordeaux liquid" or "Fundazoll". Strongly damaged plants destroy.
White rot (Other name - sclerotiniosis) - Brown stains are found on the stems. Seriously sick plants are removed from the flower beds. To prevent infection, "Topcin-M", "Fundazole" is used.
Gray rot (another name - Botritis) - the first symptoms: brown specks on the leaves. Gradually, the size of the spot is growing, it can cover the entire sheet plate. Such affected leaves are falling. If the disease captures and buds, then they fall, not even open. Usually the disease flashes and progresses in a rainy summer. In order to protect the plants, they are treated with "TopSin-M", "Topaz" "Kroseom" or "Fundazole".
Viral mosaic is a characteristic sign: the yellowing and deformation of the leaves. Such copies should be destroyed, and the places where they grow, it is thoroughly disinfected.

How do dahlias winter?

This is thermal-loving perennials, therefore, in areas with cold winters, their clumps for the winter have to dig up. Autumn Garden, Georgina can decorate long, but after significant cooling, the above-ground part will soon fade and blacks. In the morning, in one of the October days, use a sharp knife either by the secateur, cut off the stalks, leaving 5 centimeters from the ground. Now go from different sides of the bush, retreating from the stroke residue of 25 centimeters, remove with the help of forks what was under the ground. Leave dug apart for an hour. Then decade all the root of all the cornerslubes, thoroughly flush them. Remove the remains of the stems, suction roots. Then in the pelvis pour potassium permanganate solution. You take so many crystals so that the solution of medium concentration is obtained. Place the tubers there for 30 minutes. I pull out all the tubers and lay out for drying for several hours. If the roots are not quite deceased, then in winter they will begin to rot. Such procedures contribute to the destruction from the tuber surfaces of microorganisms that can cause various diseases. After such a thorough preparation of the roots of dahlias, they are better preserved in the winter, do not suffer from mold. Do not forget to march your dahlias in varieties. Inscriptions or numbers can be made on a chemical pencil or markers. All explanations and decryptions do in your horticultural notebook. Instead of inscriptions on the tubers, a self-adhesive tape can be glued.

How best to keep Georgina?

Requirements for storage: Cool (about three-six degrees), dry, dark, ventilated. Perhaps the easiest way is the following. Take the boxes, put the tubers in them with one layer. Root necks (these are areas located on the border of the trunk and rhizomes) can point in wood ash. Now pour them with coniferous sawdresses. Next, draw boxes to the basement on racks. Thanks to the layout, they are supported by the desired humidity, they disinfect. In such conditions, Cornklubny also "breathe". No such sawdust? Then use large-scale vermiculitis, perlite, peat or river sand. But the moss is better not to take if it is dry, then Cornklubni will shine soon. And if the moss is wet, then by its fault, tubers can bend.

If there is no cellar, then Georgic experts advise to take raw eggs, break them so that only the protein can be taken. Wake up the proteins and lubricate this mass of the tuber. Let the layer get a dryer, after which you spend the second application of protein mass. The film on the tubers will not let it lose moisture in winter. After moving, fold them in a cardboard box, for example, from under winter boots. Close the box and put in the toilet on the shelf near the place where the pipe with cold water passes. And you can place a box near the door to the balcony or on the windowsill.

Another processing method is parafining. The essence of the method is that the paraffin is melted, and then the Cornklubni will be diverted into it twice.

At least twice for the winter months of repositories with CornClubs, Dahlias examine. When you detect the loading zones, cut them with a knife. Then treat them "Fundazole".

Georgins are well coarsed on flowerbed with other plants, blooming in autumn. The baskets of orange and yellow paints complement the compositions with cheleniums, rudbacks, decorative sunflowers, milk, zinc, cosmeys, lobularia. Pink, crimson, purple dahlias are combined with different Astra and Dark Blue Salvia.