Hazelnut in the Urals, landing and care

Many dacms on their summer cottages, even in the conditions of the harsh climatic conditions of the Urals, are successfully growing various exotic cultures. Such plants can be attributed to the hazelnut - a fruitful leafy shrub. Some grades of hazelnut grow in the form of low trees. On how to grow a hazelnut in the Urals, as well as on the methods of landing and care for this culture, we will tell further in the article.

Hazelnut in the Urals: culture characteristics

Before you familiarize yourself with the cultural culture technique, consider the main characteristics and distinctive features of the hazelnut:

• The height of the culture shrub can reach 4-5 meters.
• Leafs on the fenders' shoots have an oblong, oval shape and dark green shade.
• Fruit culture with edible nuts, having an oblong shape and a brown shell.
• Fruits appear on shrub at the end of August.
• Hazelnut - one-bedroom, separation of culture.
• Fruit tree or shrub for 4-5 years after landing.
• The nucleolus of the fetus consists of two seedlings.
• In connection with the characteristics of the climate of the Urals, the ructric shrubs put on this territory are quite poorly.
• The biggest harvest from the shrub can be collected on the 8-14th year of the life of the culture.

Thanks to the new approaches in Agrotechnology, the cultivation of thermo-loving crops in more complex conditions has become possible. In the southern regions of the Urals, the Chelyabinsk region and others - the cultivation of grapes, plums, apricot, as well as the cultural species of the hazelnut, is actively developing.

The most frost-resistant varieties, such as Tambov Early and Tambov Late, the memory of Yablock, Ivanteevsky Red, give excellent yields, although they require more careful care, especially in winter. So, without the shelter of male inflorescences for the winter under the snow cover to wait for the harvest of nuts, it is unlikely. With proper landing and care, after a few years the landing field can be enjoyed with delicious and healthy nuts. In addition to some fear of strong frosts, the hazelnut is no capricious, so the process of landing and growing, although it requires knowledge of some nuances, but not too complicated and affordable even to novice gardeners. On how to grow a hazelnut in the Urals, let's tell further.

Hazelnut in the Urals: varieties

The most popular varieties of culture that can be grown in the climate conditions of the Urals are the following types:

• Hazelnuk "Galle". He was removed in Germany. Tall shrub whose height is up to 5.3 meters. The fruits of this variety are very large - 25-26 cm. Fruit in early October.
• Hazelnut "Barcelona". Tall shrub whose height is up to 5 meters. The leaves have dark green and top covered with a thin layer of villi. The grade tolerates frost well and gives a large crop of fruits. The fetus size averages 23 cm.
• Hazelnuk "SPORDA". This is a branched shrub with a lush crown. Fruit in September. Farmelors' varieties for this type of culture - Galle and Lambert variety.
• Hazelnut "Warsaw Red". The variety is derived in Europe. Fruit in mid-September. The variety of pollinator for this type of culture is Galle's grade.
• Hazelnuk "Trapezund". Fruit with very large nuts (28-29 cm). Differs high yields. It can safely be grown in the regions where the temperature of the winter reaches -30 degrees Celsius.

Where to plant the hazelnut in the Urals

The right choice of landing site is half success. When choosing a site, it is necessary to understand that the handwood shrubs are rather spread and grow very quickly. That is why there is enough square for them. At the same time, the area for planting the hazelnut should be well lit, protected from drafts and the northern wind. The sun's beams significantly accelerate the growth of the shrub and significantly improve its yield.

Rules for the choice of place for landing:

• The soil for growing the hazelnut is suitable for almost any, except for too saved and dry, as well as swampy. The most preferable for the plant is the fertile soil with neutral acidity.
• If the soil is too acidic, it is deasured, bringing 0.5 kg of lime to 1 m ² Plot. On viscous and dense chernozem, it is recommended to carry out activities for their drainage. So, before planting the hazelnut in the Southern Urals, a portion of a plot with the addition of sand or peat is recommended. On too dense and viscous soils, the plant develops very badly.
• The hazelnut grows perfectly, both on the plain sites and on the slopes. In the latter case, the surface root system strengthens the ground, preventing landslides.
• Since this is a rather moisture culture, a high level of groundwater for its cultivation is not a hindrance. It is allowed to land the hazelnut near the reservoirs. However, places should be avoided with excessive water and abundant spring floods.

When to plant a hazelnut in the Urals

The hazelnut is better to plant autumn. In the Southern Urals, the most optimal time is the end of September, the beginning of October. At this time, the soil still does not have time to cool and remains humid enough. After planting the roots, there is enough time to recover by the beginning of the spring vegetation. Some gardeners plant the hazelnut in the spring. However, in this case, it is necessary to choose a plot with the most wet soil. During the risk of roots, the moisture supply is very quickly consumed.

How to plant a hazelnut in the Urals

Planting the hazelnut in the Urals is not too cunning, however, requiring some knowledge about the characteristics of the plant agricultural engineering.

Rules and landing order:

• So, planted it at a sufficient distance from each other. The fact is that shrubs grow pretty quickly and their crown takes a lot of space. That is why between the bushes it is necessary to withstand the distance of at least 4 meters. If the landing is planted as a natural hedge, the bushes land closer to each other - at a distance of 2 m.
• To increase the hazelnosis of the hazelnut, it is desirable to plant at least 3 different varieties that will pollize each other. When cultivation of culture on an industrial scale, one wild flash, which contributes to cross-pollination for 10 individuals.
• A pit for planting a shrub is preparing in advance (about 1 month).
• Pit size for landing - 0.7 x 0.7 m, depth 0.2 m.

• After its preparation inside, up to 10 kg humidia, 70 g of potassium sulfate and 200 g of superphosphate are poured, after which they are thoroughly mixed with the ground.
• During the landing at the bottom of the wells, a small hill of soil is poured and gently spread the roots of a seedling into its slopes. After that, the pit falls asleep the earth, slightly sealing it.
• Next, around the trunk make a round hole and poured it with water, after which they are mulched with sawdust or dry grass.
• After that, it is necessary to cut the ground part of the seedling, leaving only 20 cm from the surface. Do it in order to speed up the rooting of the plant.

Growing the hazelnut in the Urals

Although this plant cannot be called picky, in the early years of growth, it needs thorough care:

• Like many shrubs, hazelnut loves loose soil. In this case, it misses oxygen well and contributes to the preservation of moisture. Naturally, there should be no weeds in the prikore circle.
• We must do it very carefully, so as not to damage the roots at the surface.
• To the watering must be taken very weighted. On the one hand, the hazelnut is a very moisture-loving plant, and on the other hand, the excess of moisture can have a negative impact on its growth. It is especially important to ensure the shrub is enough moisture during the summer drought.

• The average irrigation intensity is 1-2 times a month. Perfect grown hazelnut on drip watering.
• Shrub's dressings are added twice a year. The first feeding is carried out in spring with the use of organic fertilizers. For this make a nutrient cocktail consisting of 15-20 liters of humus or manure, compost with the addition of 100 g of nitroammofoski. The organic applies only under the people. In the summer, when the bush develops violently, you can add some mineral fertilizers. It may be 0.5% urea and others. With a sufficient amount of organic, mineral fertilizers can not be made. Excess nitrogen can provoke a rapid growth of a bush and a decrease in its yield.

How to trim the hazelnut in the Urals

Crop the hazelnut in two cases:

• Young shrubs are cut to form a fruiting bush. It is necessary to do it until the moment of fruiting, which will begin in 4-5 years after landing. During such trimming, 8-10 skeletal branches are gradually left, the rest cut off, stimulating the growing crown.
• Old shrubs are cut to rejuvenate. Make it as gradually (for 6-7 years) and radically (for one reception). In the second case, however, waiting for the crop for a long time.

Retaling of the hazelnut nut in the Urals

Hazelnogo Hazelnuts spend different ways:

1. Reproduction by vaccinations. This method is practiced only by experienced gardeners. The processes of various varieties of flashes are used as a flow.
2. Seeds. This direction is mainly chosen only for growing new hazelnut varieties, since the seed plants do not retain the properties of the mother's bush. Another difference between the growing hazelnut of seeds is that the fertime seedlings begin only after 10 years. Sprove prepared and stratified material in the spring for prepared beds.
3. Vegetative. This direction includes several ways:

• reproduction of the division of the bush. For this, a bush with cut up to 15 cm by shoots and developed root system is divided into 2 parts and planted at a permanent place. Fruption begins after 4 years;
• reproduction of the pig. Porosl, which appears at the bush for 3 years of growth, is separated using an ax and planted into the ground. At the same time, to improve the survival;
• reproduction with tanks. To do this, the shoots of the plant be flexible to the ground, fix and sprinkle soil. After that, they are abundantly watered before rooting. Next, they are separated from the maternal bush and planted at a permanent place.

Useful properties of Hazel

• The hazelnuk contains a fairly large amount of copper, phosphorus and manganese. In addition, it contains magnesium and potassium, as well as a large number of vitamins of B. B. In particular, these nuts are valued due to the high content of vitamin B in order to fill a quarter of the daily norm of this vitamin, it is enough to eat only ten pieces of these nuts.
• There are phenolic compounds in the hazelnut that help preserve the youth and health of the body. In addition, they allow you to protect the walls of cells from the destruction of free radicals. These same substances contribute to the update and growth of cells.
• The hazelnuk contains vitamin E, which is known for its antioxidants properties. In addition, the fruits have LUTICA, which helps strengthen the bone tissues of the body and keep vision.
• In the hazelnut there is phundosterin, which helps to remove harmful cholesterol from the body. In addition, the fruits contain such rare substances such as carotenoids.
• The hazelnuk also contains a fiber, and if you eat 15-20 pieces of nuts, then the organism will get as much fiber as when using a serving of oatmeal.

• It is believed that regular use of the hazelnut helps with liver diseases. In particular, using the fruits of this culture, you can clean the bile ducts. In addition, the hazelnut can help with hepatic colic.
• The hazelnut is also used as an additional means that helps to fight jaundice and anemia.
• The fruits of culture are useful for people who are prone to cardiovascular diseases. After all, these nuts, and in particular, potassium and magnesium, which are contained in them, will help to remove the rapid heartbeat and strengthen the vessels.
• In addition, fruits are a useful product with tuberculosis and with many respiratory diseases. Hazelnut is also considered to be a natural aphrodisiac.
• The hazelnut is shown to exhausted people as a necessary supporting agent in nutrition. In addition, due to its rich composition of minerals and calories, these fruits may include people experiencing mental loads in the diet, and athletes.
• Oil obtained from nuts is an excellent natural source of antioxidants. Inside it is used for treatment, as well as the prevention of various diseases. These butter lubricate the guns and wounds, are used for various skin diseases, for example, such as diathesis, psoriasis and eczema. It is believed that, if you regularly use the nuclei of the hazelnut, then many skin diseases can be cured.

Fighting diseases and pests of hazelnut in the Urals

The main pests in the culture are as follows:

• Caterpillars, butterflies.
• Kindle tinger.
• Earrings Gallitsa
• Walnut weevils.
• Zhuk-Usach.

To combat these pests, the shrub is treated with early spring drugs Fosalon 30% (proportions 2-3.5 kg / ha), or carbofos (ratio of 0.5 kg / ha).

The main diseases that hinder the growth of culture include the following agers:

• Puffy dew. On the foliage appear mold stains. The disease is treated with a lime-sulfur solution or colloidal sulfur.
• Brown spotty (Marsoniosis). It is possible to cure the disease with the treatment of foliage processing with a 3%-bordered mixture.

Hazelnut in the Urals: video