Freesia (lat. Freesia) - a perennial bulbous plant of the family of iris (asvators), one of the popular section crops, which is successfully grown in both the garden and at home - on the windowsill. Tender, bright diverse colors flowers, serve as an excellent decoration of flower bouquets and compositions, while maintaining their freshness and beauty. The Motherland of Freedy is hot Africa, where it grows on the wet banks of the rivers and lakes among other shrubs that protect the gentle beauty from the scraping rays of the sun.
Freesia is one of the most elegant, elegant colors with a very gentle and pleasant aroma. Its subtle fragrance uses perfumers to create incredibly beautiful flower perfume compositions that are very popular. Flower received his beautiful name thanks to the German botanist and the French Friedrich Frieze, who by crossing several varieties of the plant, opened it Europe. In the gardens, it is most often possible to meet a freesy hybrid, which refers to a capricious and demanding to the care of plants. To grow in her garden or house "African beauty", it is necessary to comply with some rules of cultivation and not forget about the regularity of the plant's care throughout the season.
Flower Flemy Description
Flower Flemy - a grassy compact plant with a height of up to 1 meter with branched naked stem and thin dark green leaves, length from 15 to 20 cm. The width of the leaves - 1 - 1.5 cm. Freesia - a plant with a small-sized tuberukovka that is updated annually - Last year's bulb is dying and replaced by a new one. Scheuch color of tuberukovitsy - light brown. On the sophisticated flower, there are cuisine-shaped inflorescences with fragrant funnel-shaped flowers of a wide variety of colors: white, blue, lilac, pink, cream, yellow, red and orange. There are grades of the freesity from the combined coloring petals. Petals of freesia are very tender and fragile, possess a kind of porcelain texture, for which the florists are very appreciated. Particularly gentle and elegantly freesia looks in wedding bouquets, because not a gift flower is a symbol of beauty, youth, trust and serenity. Among the freesia varieties there are flowers of simple and terry form. A simple flower shape has a single row of petals, and the freesia is terry - several. Blossoms lasts from 4 to 6 weeks, starting from August, and can continue before the frost themselves. 
Freesia: types and varieties
In natural nature, you can meet up to 20 species of this beautiful plant. In the conditions of our climate, in the open ground: in greenhouses in the gardens, as well as in the pots at home, three main species are grown, which are divided into varieties.
Armstrong freesia. Plant up to 70 cm high with long sword-shaped strong leaves. Flowers have a bell-shaped shape, assembled in a panicle of 3-5 pieces with aluminum, red, pink flowers. The period of flowering - May-June. The most beautiful and famous variety:
Cardinal - freesia with a bright dark red inflorescence of 9 cm long, flowers in which can be from 9 to 11 pieces, the flower shape is simple.
Freesia hybrid.Plant up to 1 meter with strong branched stems. Inflorescences - large, flowers in diameter from 5 to 7 cm. Flowers have the most diverse color: crimson, yellow, purple, scarf and orange, and possess a pleasant aroma. Meet among hybrid freesia and two-color flowers. The most famous varieties are:
- Ballerina - Incredibly beautiful and gentle varieties with inflorescences, on which up to 12 flowers are located. Color petals - white, with a slight yellow base, corrugated petals. The variety has a gentle aroma.
- Roses Marie. - Freedy grades with bright crimson inflorescences, on which up to 7 flowers are located. The lower part of the petals is painted white with raspberry stripes.
- Pinterin - A variety with a low bloom, up to 20 cm, in inflorescences are up to 7 flowers with corrugated petals of red, juicy shades, the edges of the petals are darker, and the bottom - has a yellowish shade with red stripes. Flowers do not possess a pronounced aroma.
Freesia: Ballerina grade
The freesia is broken or white.One of their miniature species, the height of the plant is no more than 40 cm with thin spreader stems. Inflorescences contains from 2 to 5 flowers of snow-white shades, there are varieties with yellow and orange shades of petals. Flowering time - April. Among the bright representatives of the species can be allocated:
- Alba - variety with snow-white large flowers, in which purple touches are present.
- Fascinous - grade with yellow flowers, which are collected in inflorescences from 3 to 7 pieces. Inside the yellow flower, the base is a bright orange spot. It is distinguished by a bright pronounced aroma, resembling Lily of the Lily.
Freesia: Alba grade
Freesia - Growing in Open Ground
Freesia is a tuberukovic plant, which is successfully grown not only in greenhouses and greenhouses, but also in the garden, it suffices to comply with certain rules for its landing. You can buy bulbs in a flower shop or even in a supermarket where they are sold all year round.
Freesia Landing - Pre-extension of bulbs in boxes
One of the important rules for planting fusey bulbs - compliance with the temperature regime of the soil, from which the flowering of the plant will be directly dependent. Consider that the freesia is a native of a hot wet climate, so the soil should be warm to germination of tuberukovits, and the air temperature should be with the established temperature regime from 15 to 25 degrees of heat. Spring weather change and not stable, so that the bulbs planted in an open ground do not died, they must be taken into the boxes with fertile light soil.
For successful germination of bulbs before landing, it is pre-prepared:
- Recover planting material. For landings, choose strong, healthy bulbs, and remove downloaded or mummified instances. For a few hours, I am supervised the bulbs in a weak solution of mangartee, they need disinfection to protect the landing from the fungus.
- For sunset, prepare low drawers with drainage holes filled with nutritional light soil. Suitable as the composition of which enters the turf, large sand and peat. You can also purchase a special already ready-made soil for bulbous. The soil layer should be small - 2 cm, the bulbs spray no more than 1 cm of the soil.
- Drawers with planted tubers are placed in a warm place, without drafts. The plant pretty quickly begins growth, an important conditions for growth is the daily moistening of the soil. With the advent of the first sprouts, watering increases. It is important that the boxes have drainage holes through which excessive moisture will go. The temperature of the room is equally important, where there will be a container with sprouts, it should be in the afternoon - not lower than 18 degrees, and at night - not lower than 14.
Landing
As soon as the height of the sprouts will reach 10 cm high, subject to warm weather, they can already be transplanted into open soil. Ground for freesia should choose nutritious and moisture permeable. Especially good and give abundant flowering of freesia, in the ground, in which the overwhelmed humid or compost is made with the addition of comprehensive mineral fertilizer. The soil for capricious beauty should be neutral. - 6.0-6.8 if the soil has an increased level of acidity, the dolomite flour is added to it, the autumn - lime. To ensure the plant optimal growth conditions, you need to take care of a good drainage layer in advance. You can use pieces of wood coal, broken brick or clay shards. Slippers are planted at a distance of 3-5 cm from each other, to a depth of 8-10 cm, very small bulbs - 4-6 cm. The landing site should be light, with a half, to protect gentle petals from the scorching sun, without drafts.
After disembarking, the plant needs abundant watering and mulching with a thick layer of peat, which will retain moisture in the ground. It should be noted that the optimal temperature for the increase in the freesia is 13-20 degrees of heat. With a sharp decrease in temperature during the growth period of the plant, the formation of short flowers is possible, and with high - the development of the deciduous part of the plant begins development, the empty-flower is formed.
Frewemen planting in greenhouse
The time of flowering freesia, which is planted in greenhouses or greenhouse, depends on the timing of its landing. So that the flower blooms in winter - it should be planted from the beginning of August to October, and for flowering in early spring - from November to February. The soil, as well as for planting in the ground, uses light, nutritious, air and the water permeable, after planting the bulbs mulched peat or coniferous ground. In the conditions of a greenhouse when planting colors in a row, the support frames are installed in advance to which the grid or twine is stretched, for which plants are tied up.
Planting cutters in pots for indoor cultivation
The delicate beauty of the freesia can be planted in a pot and grow at home, this is a real room decoration. Lukovka landing is carried out during May - September. Choose a pot for the binding of bulbs with a diameter of 15 cm, you can position 5 or 6 tubers, the depth of planting is about 5-6 cm. Do not forget to put the pot to the bottom of the Drainage. Freesia at home successfully grows in a light room at air temperature not more than 20 degrees.
Freesia care
The freesies planted in the garden require special attention and care, they are very demanding of watering, as well as should be well protected from wind, which can break her fragile stems. In the period of active growth, it needs to feed mineral fertilizers.
Watering
Watering plants needed regularly, but without overflow, as the excess and stagnation of moisture in the ground contributes to the blowing of the bulbs. To avoid overflow, it is recommended to regularly, very carefully disappear soil. In addition, loosening during the growing season helps to remove weeds from the site. Since freesia from hot countries with a wet climate, a daily spraying of leaves has a beneficial effect on the plant. It is better to spend the spraying and watering the flower in the morning watch to give moisture to fully absorb soil. It is worth noting that during the growth and bookmark, the watering buds should be abundant and frequent, and after a bunching - it is stopped.
Undercaming and fertilizer
During the period of active growth, the plant especially needs to fade. As soon as the first leaflets appear, the plant is watered with liquid fertilizer with ammonium spit (at the rate of 10 liters of water - 20 grams). Then, every 2 weeks it is necessary to make in soil potash and phosphoric fertilizers in liquid form. It is recommended to use a solution:
- Potash salt - 20 grams
- Superphosphat - 40 grams
- Water -10 L.
Avoid fertilizer overdose, as this negatively affects both development and flowering plants. After the freeliness is wondering, during the formation of tuberukovits, it is fed by superphosphate.
Garter and trimming
The stalks of the freesia are thin, gentle and fragile, they can break from the impulse of a strongly wind or from their own gravity of inflorescences, so it is very important to prepare a reliable support for the plant. You can tighten between the rows of twine or arrange a sleeper by attaching the younger stems to the support.
Already at the end of July - in August, the freesia bootonization period occurs, and since August to October its beautiful bloom begins. After the freesia is wondering, dry buds must be cut to stimulate a plant on repeated bloom. There are several rules for proper trimming:
- Trimming dried buds is made before the formation of the fetus. The optimal size of the trimming of the stem is considered 30% of the top. For trimming, well-sharpened scissors or a secateur are used.
- After the end of flowering, the plants do not cut green leaves - they accumulate forces for the upcoming wintering.
- As soon as the foliage dry completely and acquires a yellowish or brown tint, it can be cut off, leaving a 5 cm tape stalk.
Reproduction
Freesia, as well as all the bulbs breeds vegetatively dividing subsidiaries from the maternal tuberukovitsa. Daughter bulbs are formed in autumn, the number of children can be from 3 to 5 pieces. For wintering, they should not be separated from the maternal, they are digging together with an adult bulb and stored until the next landing, and then separated.
It is also possible to multiply the frees and can be seeds, but, as a rule, the seed method of breeding is rarely used in practice, since it is very painstaking, time-consuming and often ineffective. Planting seeds is carried out in a wet light and loose ground, covered with a film. Capacities with seeds put in warm with good lighting, but without direct sunlight, place. After 3-4 weeks, the first sprouts should appear. As soon as they grow up for several centimeters, they are thinned, the film is cleaned. Sizza sprouted seeds into the ground in May, when the ground will warm up and stable warm weather will be installed.
Storage of clubnelukovyz fresyia
The bulbs of the freesia in the fall must be swollen for wintering indoors, since during the rest period they need a certain temperature. When the foliage of the flower is completely dry - the bulbs can be turned out. Then the bulbs are purified, treated with disinfectants and dried in a well-ventilated warm room at a temperature of 25-27 degrees for about 2-3 days. The dried clubnelluca is kept winter in a warm and wet room to provide a rich blossom and an active healthy growth of the next spring. To maintain a high humidity of the room, placed next to the bulbs. Place dishes with water, you can also simply hang over the tank with water or arrange on the grille. 3-4 weeks before the start of planting, the storage temperature of the planting material should be reduced to 12-15 degrees, and before the landing itself, they are recommended to rinse them with a weak solution of manganese. In case the bulbs did not pass the right storage, and were all winter in the refrigerator, they will not give abundant flowering.
Diseases and pests
Freesimia are subject to attack of such pests as: TLL, TRIPS and a web tick. It is very important to start the struggle with these pests at an early stage or to take preventive measures in advance. During the vegetation of the plant, handle the leaves and stems with soap solution. In case of damage to pests, insecticides are used, which are bred according to the instructions. In addition, the freesia is prone to infection with fusariasis and different types of rot or a pair. To combat the disease, fungicidal preparations are used, which are used in the form of spraying or feeding under the root of the plant. For the prevention of infection with fungal diseases, the bulbs of freesia before planting should be processed in a manganese solution. If the plant is infected with a viral disease, provoking the necrosis of flowers and leaves, an infected bush must be digging and burned to avoid infection of neighboring healthy colors.
Freesia in landscape design
The freesia is fragrant and refined decoration of any garden or windowsill. She decorates flower beds, flower beds, alpine slides and lawns, is used in landings in spicy herbs: thyme, lavender, rosemary. For the scenery of the loft, the freesy is seated in pots or containers in which it decorates the veranda, gazebos, garden tracks.
Its beautiful flowering and ability to save freshness for a long time after cut, use to create flower arrangements and incredibly beautiful bouquets. Gentle and sophisticated white freesia are simply created to create a bouquet of the bride. 
Freesia is a capricious and thermal-loving beauty that requires attention and special care and protection. Listening to us to recommendations and advice, you can easily grow a southern beauty of the freesia in my garden.
Freesia photo
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