Oak, landing and care. Dub growing technology

The symbol of greatness and power, oak, can grow in one place for about 1-2 centuries. This means that the seedlove of a long-liver seedling will be delighted by one of the generation of relatives.

Beautiful sprawling with a dense tolten crown, oak needs an extensive territory, while gives a large shadow and practically does not require care.

You can grow an oak-giant from the acorns or, putting the acquired plant seedlock. How to indulge a tree on your site and, what care to provide a growing culture - read in this selection of material.

Content

Oak, Botanical Help

Oak - known to all many years of deciduous plant related to the beech family.
The natural range of oak is the regions of the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth with the prevailing moderate climate.
Oaks can be easily recognized by the characteristic form of blade-separated leaves and nuts with figurative fruits, called acorns. However, there are varieties of oak with unusual for our region, a solid leaf plate. In addition, there are also shrub forms of oak, not exceeding in a height of 2-3 meters.

Some oak varieties belong to evergreen plants whose leaf leaves remain in a tree for several years.
The massive bending branches of oak form a huge "tent", giving shadow and coolness in hot days.
The fruit of oak begins only after 15, and sometimes even 60 years old. The lighter and open area where Oak grows, the earlier the fruits begin to appear. Acorns of different oak species differ in size, color and form. They can be elongated or sustained, small or large, brown brown or dark, Cinnamon's colors. The ripening of the acorns occurs in the fall (in September - October).
Most oak species grows slowly, but long, reaching large sizes and a tight wide crown. The average age of long-lived oaks is 200-300 years. Oaks are recorded, the age of which exceeded 2000 years.

In the height, the majestic perennial can reach 50 meters, while the trunk girth will be about 6-7 meters. Moreover, it is believed that up to 80 years of oak grows intensively in height, and after this age period - in width.
Bark of young plants oak smooth, with light glossy coating. With age, the bark is significantly stored and cracks.
Perennial flowers small, same-sex, have the form of the so-called. "Earring". The bloom of the tree begins, approximately in the month of April, depending on the region.
Tree roots, given the impressive dimensions of most oak varieties - powerful, branched and deeply occurring.
Oak - a light-loving plant, preferring the quality of the soil. Adult trees easily carry frosts, drought and practically do not require special care.

Oak, interesting facts

Oak tree is one of the most majestic and impressive long-lived trees.
The ancient Romans ranged a century-old oaks to the next miracle of the world and compared their age with the age of the Universe.
The Slavic peoples of Oak symbolized one of the main trees of the universe, the so-called. "WORLD TREE", model of interconnection of the universe with man.
Ancient Greeks considered oak with a symbol of longevity.
Oak is a favorite plant for many poets, folklorists and composers.
In France, a huge oak of the 2nd century of age is growing, in whose heap is a room for visitors.
Wirgin oak wood is very durable and does not lose its properties even in water. The ships made from the tree of this oak variety were able to reflect even the cannon kernels from their sides.
Currently, many oak varieties are widely used while greening parks, squares, private space.

Types and varieties of oak

This genus plant includes more than 600-tons. Consider the most popular of them.

1) .dub white

The "leaving" from North America, a large and spreaded oak with a wide tolten crown and a flat top, reaches a height of about 30 meters. The bark is light gray (whiten), with light cracking. Large plate large, oval shape with blades. A feature of this type of oak is the unusual color of the leaves during the breakdown period: they are bright red, but in the summer it is becoming more familiar, green color. Often, the outer part of the sheet plate has a naizy shade. The view is highly decorative, frost-resistant, grows perfectly in conditions of urban gaspace.

2). Oak red

A highly decorative species prefers to grow in well-moistened soil (for example, on the shores of rivers or water bodies), but without water stagnation. The height of oak grows up to 25 meters. Crown is thick, fried, bark gray and smooth (with age cracking). Young shoots and blooming leaves of a plant - red. By the summer, the foliage is greens, and by autumn again acquires a reddish-brown shade. Acorns also have characteristic of the form, red-brown color. The view is frost-resistant, light-affilome, resistant to a number of diseases. Easily endures lateral shading.

3). Oak black (ordinary)

High, powerful wood, reaching up to 50 meters high. The trunk is smooth, the crown is stretched. Oak-long-lived at favorable conditions can grow in one place about 1000-1500 years. The bark of the tree to the age of 40 is painted in a green-brown color, which over time darkens and becomes almost black. The kind of dringed, prefers the fertile soil. This type of oak is widespread in Russia. In culture, when laying up landscapes, such types of wood are most often found, as: Colon-like oak, weaving oak, Grebencho - dissected a leaf oak.

4). Bolotnaya oak

The name of the species is associated with the area where you can meet this tree in nature - on the shore of the swampy terrain, near rivers or lakes. Slim plant, reaches a height of not more than 25-30 meters. Croon spreaded, thick, slightly rounded; Slap brown color; Bark smooth, olive shade. Green oak leaves by autumn acquire a beautiful, purple shade. The level of frost resistance is medium, demanding of humidity and the quality of the soil.

5). Oak stone

Evergreen beautiful view, 25 meters in height, with smooth gray bark and thick crown. The leaves are small, lowered from below, painted into a rich green color. The tree grows quickly, distinguished by high frost and dough resistant, shadowfully. May grow on stony soils.

6). Oak big-way

Adult tree reaches a 30-meter mark in height. Crown of tolten form, the bark cracking, light brown. Justice is large (hence the name of the species), oval shape. The view is frost-resistant, moisture-loving.

7). Oak chesttopolistics

The view is listed in the Red Book. The tree reaches a height of 30 meters. The leaves are large, in shape resemble sowing chestnut. The leaf plate on top is dark green and smooth, below - slightly pubescent, sisaya. Winter hardiness average, the plant is harmonious.

eight). Oak Mongolian

The view was first described in Mongolia (therefore such a name), but at present this type is widely found in China, Russia (especially in the Far East), Japan and Korea. The average life expectancy of the tree is about 300-400 years. In height, the tree reaches 20-30 meters, but in the mountainous area, on the rocky ground grows as a shrub (no higher than 10 meters). Thanks to these features, OUK is used to strengthen the slopes and landing in the mountainous area. Acorns small, rounded.

nine). Oak rocky

This species in its morphological features is very similar to the oak puffy, but, thanks to a well-developed and branched root system, it grows perfectly in the mountainous area, on stony soils. In height, the plant reaches no more than 30 meters. In Russia, the Oak is most often found in the Caucasus.

Currently, a number of varieties and forms for the design of diverse landscapes are brought by breeders. In the garden-park design uses the most decorative forms of oak: weaving, colon-shaped, as well as trees with an unusual, bright coloring leaves. Many derived varieties differ significantly smaller than their "natural conifers".

Features of growing oak

Oak cultivation at home is possible in several ways: from the acorns, green cuttings or through ready-made purchased in garden shops or specialized nurseries, seedlings.

Consider the features of the extension of the acorns and landing of oak seedlings.

Growing oak seedlings from acorns

1). Where to get acorns?

Yorki can be assembled independently in the fall, under the oak, when they completely ripen and fall to the ground. In this case, the acorns are planted into the ground right away in the autumn or left until spring, observing certain storage conditions (discussed below).
The second option is in the spring (after melting of the snow) to search under the oak already sprouted (or involunting) acorns. The grooved fruit collected needs to immediately plant in the ground or store short-time in the moistened sand.

2). How to prepare acorns for landing?

In order to delete acorns on their own, it is important to collect high-quality planting material. If acorns are collected in autumn, it is better to do it in dry weather, after their final aging. In a fully overwhelmed hat, the hat is easily peeling, it serves the protection of fruits from damage.
Fruits should be large, integer, without rot or other damage (cracks, humps). Vissal acorns can be immediately planted in the ground. The landing is practiced directly into the open ground either into the container for the extensive seedlings with the subsequent transplant of them to the site.
To determine the viability of the acorns, you can see their "contents". Living fruits inside a yellow color with explicitly designated germ, and the dead - have a dark color core.

3). How to keep acorns?

If storing the acorns - after harvesting, they are left for drying at room temperature about 1-2 weeks. After drying, acorns are stored in cool (0- + 2 ⁰C) a place with a high level of humidity. This will fit the cellar or refrigerator (in the sand container). It is not worth to store acorns for more than 1st year, as they quickly lose their germination.
You can not store acorns in a sealed package or completely closed container - the likelihood of their death is great. During storage, it is desirable to periodically get acorns and inspect them to occur on mold. If this appeared - acorns should be rinsed, dry and put in the refrigerator again.
If acorns after storage look darkened and risen - they are unlikely to fit for planting. To determine the quality of planting material, water can be used: when drying dry fruits pop up, and viable - lowered to the bottom.
Another option of winter storage of the acorns is to stick the collected fruits on the site, in the ground, to a depth of 20-25 cm. Storage location indicate and cover with waterproof material.

Oak giting landing

1). When decorating acorns?

Acorns can be planted immediately at a permanent place (in the garden) or to pre-germinate seedlings, and then planted on the site. It is easier and easier to plant acorns immediately in open ground, in the garden.
Stitching the acorns can be carried out in spring or autumn. With autumn landing (immediately after collecting), acory are natural stratification to "demonstrate" a healthy and hardened sprout in the spring. Springs are planted in the fall in the fall in about 1 month to the first frosts.
With spring durations, it is necessary to wait for the soil finally warmed.

2). How to land acorns?

To exclude the rotation or, on the contrary, cutting the acorns (in the period of thaws), the fruits at the autumn landing are plugged into the soil by 7-10 cm. In the spring planting, it is enough to deepen to 4-5 cm.
In order to avoid eating the acorns of animals and molding, in the case of heavy precipitation, autumn fit should be covered with any waterproof material.
Before planting acorns, it is recommended to soak in kerosene to protect the landing from rodents and other animals that prefer to be fertilized with nuts with similar fruits.
The mass planting of the acorns on the garden (shovel) involves placing them into moisturized grooves, with an interval of 10-30 cm from each other. The distance depends on the type of oak and the sizes of the acorns. After planting the soil rave.
If sprout acorns are planted - it is necessary to do it carefully, since young roots are very brittle and fragile. Sprouted acorns can be planted immediately into the open ground or in the container (often the plastic cup is used) to further germination. In the container, the ground, mixed with a small amount of moss, where and put an acorn (root down, at a depth of 3-4 cm). Tank for landing must necessarily have drainage holes. Caring for germinating acorns is regular watering and sufficient amount of light. Those threatened seedlings (if there are 2-3-sheets) dive into a larger capacity or transplanted immediately to the bed.
Acorns germinate slowly: first grows the root, then escape. The first shoots appear only 1-1.5 months after landing.

Landing dub seedlings

It is easier and easier to land on the site acquired 1-2-year oak saplings.
When buying and transporting oak seedlings with an open root system, the roots should be wrapped with a damp cloth. Before boarding, broken or damaged roots are removed. In the case of a "weak" root system, - shoots cut into 1 \\ 3 part.
Acquired oak seedlings with a closed root system possess almost 100% survival rate. They are planted into the ground, while maintaining a natural commerce.

1) What place to choose a landing place?

For planting seedlings choose an open sunny spacious place. It is important to remember that oaks grow real "giants" and need a large free territory. The interval from neighboring plants should be 3-6 meters, and from the nearest construction - 3-4 meters. This rule is very important, since the outstanding powerful adult oak roots can damage not only the cesspath near the structure, but also the foundation itself.
As for soil, preferably fertile soil with a weakly acidic or neutral medium reaction. You can use the soil mixture of sand, peat and the delicate ground in the 2: 1 ratio. Improve the quality composition of the soil will also help mooring.

2). How to grow seedlings in school?

As a rule, annual seedlings need to be subsequently transplanting them to a permanent place. Resetting stimulates the development and branch of the root system of seedlings.
The annual seedling is best to transplant in the spring, in the event of damage to the root, he managed to fully recover before the renal dissipation.
Transplant seedlings into wet nutritious grounds. The first days after planting seedlings will be "sick" and adapt to new environmental conditions. Then the plant is fully recovered and starts to develop.
Seedlings are planted in a furrow with an interval of 15-20 cm between plants.
In the fall, the rapid and well-developed seedlings from the shirts are transplanted at a permanent place. Weak specimens leave to grow in a shock for another year.

3). How to plant seedlings in the ground?

Landing Pits are prepared in advance, 2-3 weeks before landing. The depth of the pit is about 50 cm, the diameter is twice as much. When preparing the landing pit, the top (fertile) layer of the soil is removed and deposited to the side. A 10-20 cm of the drain layer is laid on the bottom of the drangous layer, then the mixture of fertilizers mixed with the top layer of the soil (removed earlier) is poured. Fertilizers are recommended to use double superphosphate (1.5-2 kg), wood ash (1 kg), compost (5 kg), reworked manure (5-6 kg), chloride and potassium sulfate (60-70 g).
When landing, the root cervix of the oak seedling should be located several centimeters above the ground level.
After landing, the ground around the saplings is compacted, and the tree is abundantly watered. Then the rolling circle is muffled with mowed grass, compost or humus.

Oak care

Adult plants need minimal care, they grow and develop, providing a thick shadow and gladly surrounding an empty chic crown.

Young oak saplings require more attention. Care of growing oak seedlings is regular watering, timely loosening of the soil, removing weed grass, mulching and feeding.

Watering, loosening and mulching oak

Oak seedlings need regular watering, soil loosening and timely removal of weeds.
If we compare oak saplings, for example, with seedlings of coniferous plants, they are more enduring and less suffering from drought. Meanwhile, landed with young plants is obligatory, the first 4-5 days should be ensured by regular abundant irrigation. Then, irrigation rates adjust with natural precipitation. Watering is especially important in the arid period.
Watering is stopped in autumn, 1.5-2 months before a mass leaffall so that the plant can prepare for winter.
After irrigations and on the eve of winter, the rolling circle is mounted peat, wood chips or bevelled grass, a layer of about 7-10 cm.

Up Duba

For the 2nd year after planting oak seedlings, it is possible to start making fertilizers.
In the spring, the use of mineral nitrogen-containing (for example, ammonium nitrates) or organic fertilizers (cow manure or urea) is recommended.
An early autumn can be added to the soil complex fertilizer, for example, nitroammophos.
When planting seedlings - largests additionally, biostimulants are introduced into the ground, helping to overcome the "stress" of plants when replanting.

Dub trimming

Like any other tree, Oak needs an annual sanitary trim - removing dry, patients or damaged shoots. Also cut down shoots growing inside the crown.
Crimping, intended for the formation of the crown of wood, is carried out in early spring, prior to the beginning of the plant's deployment.
If it is necessary to limit or slow down the growth of the crown of the tree, you can cut the main, dominant escape. This procedure is carried out every 2-3 years.

Diseases and pests of oak

Most often, oaks may be affected by the infectious fungus leading to the appearance of mildew. At the same time, the diseases of the tree leaves are covered with a whitish touch. An adult tree is "not afraid" of a similar attack and perfectly copes independently with fungus. The young seedlings need to be processed by systemic fungicides. Used, for example, 1% rr sulfate of copper, sulfur suspension, or 0.8% rr Fundazola. Additional processing of fungicides can be carried out in order to prevent the appearance of this disease.

Oaks can also be affected by grills, rotten mushrooms, causing necrosis of shoots. When moving the branches, they are removed, and the sections are treated with copper vitriol and shrink the garden water.

As for pests, there are many insects parasitic on the plant. So, the leaves can spoil scoops, silkworms, spiders, moth or leafpers. The kidneys and oak flowers may be attacked by walnuts, and acorns "suffer" from weevils and butterflies-fruit.
In order to destroy insect pests, various insecticidal preparations are used ("PhyTenerm", "Kinmix", "Intavir", "Carbofos", etc.). Insecticide processing is carried out in spring and re-, in summer.

Preparation for winter

Young, growing oak saplings, the first few years, need shelter for the winter.
For this, the rolling circle is mounted (peat, dry foliage), and seedlings are wrapped with any observer material.

Splitting Duba

Oak reproduction occurs with seeds or young cuttings.
With a vegetative breeding method (cuttings), annual shoots are rooted by about 80%, two-year - by 40-60%.
Most often uses a method of reproduction with an acorns. Stitching the acorns are carried out in autumn or spring. With arid autumn, the landing site needs to constantly moisturize. The process of germination and landing of the acorns is described in detail in previous sections.

Use of Duba

Spicy perennial oaks are indispensable for landscaping urban landscapes.
Oak - a gorgeous durable tree that can decorate a spacious extensive territory and give an extra dense shadow. Oak in the garden may look different: with a single landing, the tree grows wide, but not so high, as with group plantings - then the trees look above and slimmer.
In addition to durable wood, some oak types (for example, Stone oak) "give" edible acorns. They are not only eating, but also prepare fragrant acute coffee.
Oak on the garden plot - an additional opportunity to grow under it very expensive mushrooms - truffles. As you know, truffles grow in symbiosis with this Tree-giant.
The oak bark is used as a drug in infectious diseases of the oral cavity and throat, in diarrhea, gum inflammation and other diseases.

Thus, the fabulous oak - the giant can easily grow independently. The main thing is that the dimensions of the site allowed. The majestic and chic, the long-liver will delight many generations with its beauty, will allow to improve the landscape, making it a truly respectable and unique.