Cyclamen, landing and care at home. Cyclamen at home: cultivation, conditions, landing, care + photo

Room flower cyclamen - a plant, striking his graceful buds. In nature, more than 15 types of this beautiful culture grows. Almost two types are grown as indoor plants: Persian cyclamen, which blooms in winter, and European cyclamen, whose flowering falls on the spring-summer season. Consider the features of the care of the cyclamen, the rules for its cultivation and the methods of reproduction.

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Cyclamen, description of the room plant

All cyclamen varieties are perennials and are combined into a family of color. Cyclamen - a herbaceous plant, the natural habitat of which is the Mediterranean, the territory of Northeast Africa, Russia (Krasnodar Territory).

Most varieties are used in landscape design and only a few species are used for home interior design.

The species features of cyclamen include:

Cyclamen leaflets form a dense root rosette. Outwardly, they resemble delicate hearts that are painted in a calm dark green color with an openwork silver pattern. Leaflets are located on durable stiffs of light green.
Tubers, depending on the species, there are different diameters, their form rounded and a little flattened. With age, the size of the underground part is constantly increasing and reaches about 15 cm in diameter. The surface of the rhizomes of the cyclameman is littered by the kidneys. Of them, smast of flowers, and young leaves germinate. The tuber has one rold point, when the cyclamen dies is damaged.
Cyclamen flower is proudly towers over foliage. It is located on a thin and highly elongated flower, the average height of which can reach from 10 to 20 cm. Cyclamen flowers resemble a flock of butterflies. Their fragile petals are slightly bent back and pointed at the ends. Different varieties of petals can be simple with smooth edges or terry. Flowers are routine, medium sized, color is different: from snow-white to dark raspberry.
Cyclamen flowering is always abundant and long. If you create for the cyclame of home the right conditions, bloom lasts for almost 3 months. New flowers actively bloom alone by one, forming a rich cap over the leaves. Flowering falls on winter or spring, depending on the type.
In nature, cyclamen grows in harsh conditions with a reduced air temperature and unstable humidity. Thanks to the regular change of periods of wakefulness and peace, cyclamen live about 25 years. Unfortunately, the cyclaman in the pot at home lives much less, because too warm air is significantly depleted by its tubers.
In addition to its decoration, cyclamen has also therapeutic properties. Cyclamen extract used in the pharmaceutical preparations for the production of a sinusitis.

Cyclamen in the home, the beautiful varieties

Cyclamen is simply indispensable for the design of the interior room. Due to its beauty and ease of care, he became a frequent guest in almost every home. At home, the two cultivated species are grown:

cyclamen Europe (also known as alpine violets) - colorful room look, which is recognized by a large succulent leaves and large flowers in lilac-pink palette. This type is also called blushing. He is able to bloom from early spring until November, and some varieties bloom and continue throughout the winter. European cyclamen has a strict period of rest, so it can easily develop for a year without sleep;
cyclamen persicum (in the people - dryakva) - favorite type of flower growers, which is famous for exquisite form inflorescence in pink and white colors. The leaves of this kind of green and silver, small, regularly shaped as a heart. Cyclamen Persian at home blooms from November to the last days of March, and then sent into retirement (May-June). Kind of has a lot of interesting varieties, but more popular - dwarf. Singularity of the form is only in the process of seed propagation.

Known grades Indoor cyclamen preferably derived based on Persian species. Depending on the height of the peduncle, all homemade varieties are divided into three subspecies:

stunted or dwarf - stems no more than 10-15 cm;
average height - the height of the flower stalk is in the range 15-20 cm;
tall - standard stems reach 22-30 cm.

Interesting varieties of cyclamen flower home:

"Scarlet butterfly" - variety is delicate flowers with smooth edges. Color pale pink petals with bright scarlet vertical strokes. The size of the average bush, foliage muted green color with silver pattern.

"Spring butterfly" - marvelous variety with buds, butterflies in soft pink tones. Peephole bud rich lilac and contrasts favorably with the base color of the petals. In the variety decorative leaves with wavy edges.

"Charlie" -. Average height shrub up to 22 cm Its white blossoms rise above the small rosette of dark leaves, which are decorated with a silver rim.

"La Sylphide" - Cyclamen with large flowers that become bright pink color; each lobe is located on the edge of a white rim, which creates a glow effect flowers.

"Topaz" - Compact bush with dark green leaves of an elongated shape and non-nose flowers of deep carmine color.

"Apple" - Cyclamen, whose flowering attracts views. A variety of wavy foliage and openwork white-pink flowers of large size.

"Victoria" - grade with modest marble leaves and luxurious fringe white flowers with raspberry crossing.

"Lila" - Grade from Rococo series. He has terry large bright beads of bright purple color.

Pink - A small bush with simple flowers of a gentle pink shade and frozen dark green leaves.

Growing cyclamen from seeds at home

The opinion that cyclamen is a very capricious flower - erroneous. In fact, he simply needs special techniques for agrotechnology and, subject to all rules, develops perfectly and blooms over the years. There are no special hassle and growing room cyclamen, which are perfectly multiplied by a seed way.

How to grow cyclamen from seeds at home

Seed reproduction is characteristic of the Persian cyclameman, the tuber of which is not capable of sharing. Sex seed process is simple and affordable:

Cyclamen seeds at home are seeded regardless of the year, although it is preferable to do this in February-March.
12 hours before sowing, the seed material is soaked in a weak solution of potassium permanganate or in a special zircon solution (it is divorced according to the instructions for the drug).
After this time, the seeds are removed from the fluid and seed into a special soil for cyclamen. It consists of ½ part of the sand, 1 pieces of a "tulip" mixture, 2 parts of a steady land.
In the soil, a deepening is made up to 1 cm, then abundant moisturizing is carried out, and seeds with an interval of 2-4 cm are placed in the prepared groove.
Seeds are pouted and covered with glass or film material.
Capacity with seed seeds put in bright room. Optimal conditions for growing cyclamen + 18-20 ºC.
Shoots appear after 1-2 months, but individual varieties can germinate even in 5-7 months.

Planting cyclamen in a pot at home

When the long-awaited shoots were processed, the greenhouse is removed and the container with the seedle is transferred to a more illuminated place without direct sunlight.
After the formation of two full-fledged leaves, seedlings are divened to individual pots of 2-3 tuber.
Seedlings are completely immersed in the soil along with the tuber, but the soil must be loose enough. You can use the same mixture that was prepared for sowing seeds or ready to soil the "tulip".
Six months later, the strengthened cyclamen transplanted into the pots. If old tanks are used, they are necessarily disinfect. The diameter of the containers should be 6-7 cm. If you take a smaller pot, the cyclaman will bloom much earlier, but the plant will grow weak and the duration of his life will be shorter.
The soil for planting cyclames use the same as when dive. Before filling the pot of the soil, small holes are done in the bottom and put the ceramzite.
Cyclamen tubers this time deepen into the soil only on 2/3, so that the growth point remains above the mixture surface.
In compliance with all the rules of growing cyclamen at home, it will bloom in 18-20 months from the moment of seeding.

Cyclamen Transplant Rules at home

Cyclamen purchased in the store, or home plants, which are more than three years old need a transplant. In this matter, the main thing is to choose the right pot and gently conduct a cyclamen transplant to the new Vazon.

How to transplant cyclamen after buying

After the purchase of the already formed cyclameman in the pots, the need for a flower transplantation occurs. So that the plant is well mastered in the new conditions, one must comply with simple rules.

During the purchase, the cyclamen always blooms beautifully and looks absolutely healthy, so it's not necessary to reset it. The flower transplant is carried out only during the rest period, so you need to wait for the moment when the cyclaman is wondering and a little relax.
An exception is an inappropriate temporary substrate in which flower is located. If a peat or other soil of an indefinite composition turned out to be in a pot, it is desirable to replant the cyclamen at home.
After flowering, the cyclamen roll up into a new pot. For plants up to three years, a pot of 5-7 cm with a diameter is suitable, and for older cyclamen - a pot with a diameter of 12-15 cm.
After extracting from the soil, the tuber is examined and if you are noticed, they are cut off, and the location of the cut is processed by rotten coal.
Next, the cyclamen is planted into a new pot. The transplant process passes along the same principle as for young seedlings, which is described above.

Important! Cyclamen can be bought in specialized flower shops or nurseries. But before buying it is important to carefully look at the sheet outlet: among the leaves there should be many unacceptable buds. If they are not, it means that the cyclamen has long been blooming and in the near future will go on peace.

Cyclameman's Cyclamp Change

As the tuber grows, the cyclamen transplant. Do it annually, and each time the Vase is chosen for several centimeters more. Adult plants transplant is:

Old leaves are unscrewed (cutting or pulling them cannot be). This is necessary to stimulate the growth of the flower.
In the prepared vase with drainage, the substrate is poured, not tamping it.
Cyclamen is carefully pulled out of the tank along with an earthen room. This allows you to protect the roots from damage.
The tuber is located in the center of the vason, and holding it, gently spread the roots.
Then the root system is sprinkled with the earth, leaving a third of the tuber over the surface.
At the end of the soil, they are abundantly moisturized, and when the wet soil is slightly mounted, the tuber additionally falls asleep with the substrate to the level, as mentioned above.

Advice! It is easy to understand that the cyclaman needs a transplant easily: look under the pot if the roots look through the holes, it means that it's time to change the vase.

How to care for cyclamen at home

The cyclaman reacts very sharply to the temperature regime, the level of humidity and lighting. Therefore, care must be regular and careful.

Lighting and placement of cyclamen at home

In order for the plant obediently bloom and increasing the healthy foliage, the care of the cyclamen in the pot should begin with the choice of window sill.

Cyclamen is very light, so only a sunny place is suitable for it. Excess shade will lead to cessation of flowering and the subsequent formation of a rayful green greenery. But the open sun rays are also undesirable. The best conditions for cyclamen will be scattered light and coolness.
In the room where the cyclamen is set, should not be hot. You should also put the vase away from the heating devices. Favorable air temperature for cyclamen - from + 6 ° C to + 13⁰С. Absolute maximum - up to + 17 ° C.
It is also necessary to exclude drafts, although regular ventilation of the room is a prerequisite for normal cyclamen flowering.
The cyclaman prefers wet air, so you often need to spray the space around the vase, not falling on the leaves. In winter, you can place the humidifier of the air near the flower and put the vase closer to the window glass to provide coolness during flowering.

Cyclamen, watering and feeding at home

Abundant watering cyclamen is carried out in the phase of active vegetation. For irrigation, the resistant or filtered water is used. You need to water often, but not excessively.
In order not to harm the plant, watering the cyclameman at home is carried out only through the pallet: water is poured into the container and the vase is kept in it until the upper layer of the soil is completely moisturized. Then the vase lift and give drain remnants of water. In this way, it is possible to avoid the drinking of the tuber.
Feature cyclamen you need twice a month, with the exception of the sleep period. What to feed cyclamen? Special feeder for cyclamen or complex fertilizer for flowering crops without chlorine and with sufficient potassium content. Feed cyclamen after irrigation in compliance with the recommendations on the packaging of fertilizer.

Cyclamen reproduction at home

Some European varieties can multiply the division of the bush, but only under the condition of two growth points, which is observed very rarely. In addition, it is successfully divided and rooted the cut-off tube for only a professional, so it is better not to resort to this method in order not to lose cyclamen.

If you still intend to divide the tuber, it is necessary to do this as follows:

After winter flowering, the tuber with two growth points are removed from the vase.
Then he is cleared of the remnants of the earth and dry.
Next, a disinfected knife is cutting the tuber to two parts so that the kidney and roots are present on each of them.
The tubers are planted into the prepared soil, pour on 2/3 of the ground, slightly crimping in a circle.
After that, watering is carried out and provide usual cyclamen care.

Problems in the cultivation of cyclamen at home

Often there are some difficulties in growing room cyclamen. The plant can turn yellow, stops blossom, boils the rhizome. Such problems may be a consequence of cyclamese diseases or improper care.

Why home cyclamen yellow

The reasons for the yellowing and fading of cyclamen foliage can be several. In the first case, there may be an incorrect irrigation, in the second case - too high air temperature. First you need to adjust watering through the pallet, and if it does not solve the problem, you need to move the vase with a flower into a cooler place and regularly moisturize the air.

Important! If the cyclame leaves are wishes after flowering, then the plant is simply prepared for the rest period.

Why home cyclamen does not bloom

If bloom is late, you need to exclude such errors in care:

lack of moisture after watering;
low air humidity;
the deficit of nutrients;
high air temperature.

After performing all the conditions, the cyclamen will soon bloom.

Cyclamen, pests and diseases at home

Under the optimal growth conditions, cyclamen is very rare. If too abundant irrigation is carried out, the tubers may be affected by putrid bacteria and die. And with insufficient watering, the plant may be damaged by a web tick. In both cases, it is necessary to resolve watering.