Beans, landing and care in the open soil. Growing beans in the open ground - landing and care. How to plant beans in the open soil. Features of growing beans.

Beans - unpretentious vegetable culture from the legume family, which is known in Russia for a long time. Currently, the beans are undeservedly forgotten, although at our ancestors they were the main garden culture, which was grown everywhere, in huge quantities by eating. The beans were the main ingredient of many dishes, they later replaced the potatoes. The beans are a valuable nutrient product rich in protein, microelements and vitamins, which has an excellent taste and quickly saturates the body. Beans can be attributed to plants that dackets are grown on the gardens not only for eating, but also for the fertilizer of the soil. The plant is perfect about the beds with all vegetables, the exception is onions and garlic, does not require much care and gives a high harvest. How to properly grow beans in the country area and what are the features in the cultivation of beans, read further.

Content

Beans: Plant Description

Beans are a herbian annual plant from the legume family. The stalk of the plant is a reprehensive, thickened, reaching a height from 30 to 120 cm. Leaves are unpaired - and paired, color is green. It has a developed powerful root that goes deep into the soil to 1.5 meters. The inflorescence of beans - a brush with 4-12 florals with a size of 2.5-3.5 cm. Flowers bob white, with a black stain on the wings of petals, flowers. Flowers disclosure occurs after noon. During flowering, the beans look attractive.

The fruit of the plant (Bob) is a pod of up to 30 cm long, which contains from 2 or more seeds of yellow, green, brown, purple, black, the size and shape of which depends on the plant variety. Distinguish fine-free, medium-term and large beans varieties, which differ not only with color, size, but also yields and maturation terms. Of all the garden crops, beans are the most cold-resistant and non-demanding thermal regime. Seeds of plants give shoots already at a temperature of 3-4 degrees of heat, and adult copies withstand frost to 4 degrees. At air temperature 19-22 degrees, young plants actively begin to grow and develop.

Varieties Bobov

Modern varieties of beans have high nutritional value and excellent taste. Breeders seem to be divided into two main groups: Northern and Western European varieties. Northern varieties give high yields in regions with temperate climates, and Western Europeanly grown in the southern regions with a hot, dry climate.

Russian black. One of the most famous medium-old varieties is widely used for landing in the northern strip of Russia. A bush reaches a height of up to 60 cm, blooms with white flowers and black spots. The shape of the beans is a bit curved, the length of the pod - 7-8 cm. Dark purple seeds have an oblong oval shape, during ripening the bean sash are not disclosed.

Belarusian. Reference to the middle-free sector, the height of the shoots from 60 cm to 1 meter. White flowers, spotted. Bob straight, up to 11 cm long, while ripening the fetus sash cracks. Seeds have light brown color, elongated shape. The variety is widely known in Ukraine and Belarus, Latvia.

Windsor green and white. Mediterranean varieties. The plant is compact, the height of the stem is 0.6-1 m. The shape of the beans is elliptical, slightly flattened, with fleshy, green sash, which are revealed during ripening, contains 3 semen. The varieties are different seeds.

Virovsky. Beans belong to the mid-grade. Plant up to 1 meter high with stability stalks. Flowers are large. The bean pod has a curved shape, it ripen 3-4 semen large-scale dairy-colored.

Beans: Growing Features

Beans relate to the heat of the light day unable to warm plants. The beans seeds begin to actively bring at low temperatures and not be afraid of frosts up to 4 degrees, so seeding is carried out in spring, in the earliest time. The most comfortable plant feels at a moderate temperature to 22 degrees of heat. Higher air temperature may result in falling out flowers and emptyweight, and therefore - to not aging fruits.

Beans love moisture, painfully tolerate drought. It is noted that the highest yields of beans are observed when a large amount of precipitation falls during their flowering.

Beans are not only a tasty and nutritious product, but also useful garden culture. Like all plants of the legume family, the roots of the beans form nodule bacteria that enrich the soil with nitrogen and make it more loose and suitable for the full growth and development of other vegetable crops. The root and stems of beans embedded in the ground after ripening and harvesting are a valuable fertilizer for the site. Also, the powerful branched root system of beans does not allow weeds to develop, reliably protecting the fertile layer of soil from flushing with abundant precipitation.

Selection of a site for landing beans

Choosing a place to plant beans, one should give preference to the illuminated section of the garden with loyal fertile weakness or neutral soils. A very important criterion for choosing a place of landing of beans is the moisturizer of the soil, so lowlands are dismissed for their landing, the aisle of other vegetable crops, as well as small hills, from which snow is growing early. However, the moisture of moisture in the ground should not be. A cold and too wet soil is completely not suitable for growing vegetable beans - most likely the seeds rotate and will not give germs. For planting plants, areas are suitable, where potatoes, cabbage, cucumbers were grown. Do not fit the location of the garden, where legumes were previously grown: beans, peas, soybeans, lentils to ensure the crop rotor of vegetable culture.

Planting beans to open ground

Vegetable beans are an unpretentious culture that can withstand sufficiently low temperatures, so it is possible to plant it in an early spring when the soil begins to warm up and the threat of the fruit of the soil.

Preparation of soil to landing beans seeds

Preparation of soil to the landing of beans is carried out in the fall. The soil should be moved well to the bayonet shovel, since the plant has a powerful root system. In the poppin, organic fertilizers are made: compost, korovyat, manure (3-4 kg per 1 meter square). An exception is a bird litter, so contains a large content of nitrogen. Also, the soil is enriched with phosphoric fertilizers, ash, which reduces the acidity of the soil. In the spring, before planting seeds, the soil, weeding over the winter, dripping, adding 10-20 g of superphosphate, 20 g of potash salt.

Dates of landing of bean seeds in open ground

Sowing the seeds of beans to the ground is carried out in the last days of April - early May. The land must warm enough, but be moistened, while maintaining most of the melt waters. For the middle strip of Russia, the optimal period when planting beans into the ground - from May 7 to 14. At a later landing, the development and growth of germs occurs weaker, and the plant becomes susceptible to fungal diseases and attack of harmful insects.

More often for landing, a seedy method is used, which is used to obtain an early harvest and is suitable for regions in late spring. For this, the seeds are soaked in water up to 15 hours and planted in separate containers in the first days of April, growing in greenhouse conditions. After 30-35 days, shoots are ready for disembarking into an open ground.

How to ensure the seeds of beans high germination

Bean seeds germinate at low temperatures (from 4 to 10 degrees), but night frosts can cause their death. Before boarding, it is necessary to inspect all seeds and select only mature, ready for landing. When examined, pay attention to the seeds with a small hole - this seed is damaged by the grinder. Faulting seed can be detected by pest larva.

It is possible to plant in the ground as dry and clumsy seeds. Before sowing, the seeds should be soaked on a saucer with wet gauze in two layers, for 24-48 hours. Tightening with the boarding of swelling seeds in the water is not worth it, as they can "choke" and not germinate.

How to plant beans in open ground seeds

The beans are planted immediately into the moistened land, in 2 rows, observing a wide aisle, at least 45 cm so that it is easier to care for them.
For the variety of black Russian beans, the width of the rod can be made less up to 30 cm.
Seeds deepen to a depth of 5-7 cm, observing between them a distance of 10-15 cm. A powerful sprout will not be difficult to break into the light. After landing, the beds need to be pouring.
For beans, separate beds can be distinguished on the garden, and you can combine with other vegetable crops, planting the seed in the aisle. Combined landings ensure the protection of garden crops from the Tly attack.

Beans: Care for garden culture

It is not difficult to care for the beans, it is enough to provide a regular watering plant, soil loosening, a dip. It is necessary to ensure that weeds do not interfere with the active growth and development of young shoots, therefore it is necessary to conduct a weeding. When the plant grows up and gains strength, it itself will coagulate the growth of weed herb and the need for a weeding will disappear. As soon as the bean stalks reach a height of 50 cm, they are plunged, during the whole season, the dipsing is carried out 2-3 times. The dipping protects the beans stalks from the bobs of the wind and make the plant more stable.

Undercaming Bobov

In the process of loosening the soil, liquid complex organic and mineral fertilizers are made in the aisle (the square meter of the soil must be made to 10 g of superphosphate, 5 g of ammonia nitrate and 5 g of potash salt).

Watering beans

Regular watering is an important part of the departure for the cultivation of beans. Especially the plant requires abundant watering during the period of flowering when the fruit is covered. However, one should not allow oversupply and stagnation of moisture in the ground, which can lead to reinforcement of the root or the active growth of the vegetative mass of the plant, which will lead to a low yield.

Paging the top of the beans

Paging the tops of the plant during flowering period is an effective method of protecting young shoots from the attack of Tly, which loves to be fell as juice of a young plant. The tops of the stem 10-15 cm long cut. Also, pinching helps fruit evenly ripening.

Bean bobbing, creation of religion

Depending on the variety, the reprehensive branch stem bob can reach the length of more than a meter. For the stability of tall varieties, the support is used to which the stalks of the plant are tested. As a support, pegs in a height of 1 meter are used, between which the twine or rope stretches, you can also bind the stem directly to a separate peg.

Harvest bob harvest

The beginning of the first harvest of beans - summer, harvests are collected several times per season. For eating in fresh form, green, juicy and tender beans are collected. The grains of green beans are in dairy ripeness approximately 2 weeks after flowering. Clean the harvest, starting from the bottom of the stem, where the ripening of fruits occurs faster.

Green (misunderstanding) beans fruits are ideal for salads, side dishes. And more mature fruits with ripe seeds are suitable for cooking soups.
The collection of beans seeds for storage and subsequent reproduction is carried out after the sash of the fruits will darken and start opening. Seed seeds choose for storage. To determine their germination, seeds are sent to the salty solution. At the same time, empty beans will pop up to the surface, and mature will remain at the bottom of the dishes.
Bean seeds retain the germination for 5-10 years. Store them in a dry dark place, away from heating devices, where the stable temperature is preserved and there is no humidity.
After harvesting, the ground part of the plant is cut and burned, and the ground, along with the roots, is drunk.
The root system of beans is an excellent compost and the perfect fertilizer of the soil. To enrich the soil nitrogen on the plot, the roots of the beans can be squeezed out of the ground and burn into the ground during the autumn people.

Fighting diseases and pests beans

Beans - vegetable culture, resistant to various types of diseases and pests. Among the common diseases of the plant can be allocated:

Black Bob Tough. Pest, which attacks the stalks of a young plant in the summer. Most often, the wave attacks the top of the stem. Leads to deformation and curvatting of the stem. During the active growth of the stem, it is recommended to fill all the tops in a plant up to 15 cm long so as not to give the opportunity to appear. For prevention, plant treatment with a carbofosoma or phytodeter is used.

Rostic fly. Often, a small pest attacks the beans - a splash fly, which puts eggs in the soil, under the escape. Fly larvae feed on the root of Bob. To protect the plant from the pest, it is necessary to regularly remove weeds and loosen the soil under the bushes.
Nodule weevil. Looks like a small gray bug. This is one of the most dangerous pests of beans capable of destroying the plant entirely. Insect larvae feed on the roots of the roots, and the weevon himself eats the young foliage, as a result of which the plant becomes weaker and dies over time. When pest detected, the plant should be shred by a manner, at the rate of 10 grams per square meter.
Bob grain - Insect, which causes harm to the plant during flowering, when the fruit is turned off. Sheets larvae on young strings, after a few days the larvae is being introduced into the seed and feed on its contents, thereby harming the future crop. The larvae of the grain is dangerous, one hundred can winter in seeds intended for planting in the spring. To prevent the infection of young shoots, the seeds are soaked in a salt solution.

In addition to pests, young shoots are subject to some diseases that are usually associated with the mooring of the soil. Among them can be allocated:

Blackleg. The disease is characterized by the formation of a dark fly on the root cervix of the plant. He leads to rapid fading and death of escape. The culprit of the disease is a fungus, which is infected with the soil. Progresses the disease of the cool, raw spring, is observed with late seeds in open ground.
Chocolate (Brown) Spottedness. The disease for which the appearance on the leaves and the stove of the plant spots having a dark brown color is characteristic. When chocolate spotting is found on the leaves, they must be removed so that the disease does not apply to all of the run. In the processing of chemicals, the plant does not need.

In addition, tangible damage crop beans apply uninvited guests of the gardens - Graci and crows, which pull out young shoots along with the root. To prevent birds attack, it is necessary to provide methods for scaring them.

Beans - useful and nutritious for our organism vegetable culture, putting on the garden, we get double benefits. In addition to the high yield of delicious fruits, the soil feces the ground, saturated with nitrogen. Special attention should be paid to the choice of a site for landing a legume culture and know when to sow beans into open soil to get high yield. Delicious, nourishing dishes from beans - a source of vegetable protein and valuable substances that divert your diet and fill the body with vitamins and trace elements for the whole year.