Aktinidia in Belarus, landing and care. Growing Aktindia in Belarus: landing and care

Today in the horticultural market is simply a huge number of a wide variety of plants, which, until recently, few people heard. There are cultures that are grown due to high decorativeness, and there are plants that gardeners value for the usefulness of their fruits. Aktinidia is a unique plant that embodies these two qualities and has long fallen into loved by many gardeners from around the world. Liana called Aktinidia Today, everything can also be a novelty for various gardeners, which is undeserved, since this culture has just a huge number of positive qualities, especially since it is possible to grow it in many climatic belts. You can grow actinidia and in Belarus, where all conditions have been created for this Liana: a sufficiently soft climate, suitable humidity.

Content

In this article, consider the features and description of Liana Aktindia, we note the characteristics of the most popular and suitable species and varieties of this plant. We present the most important rules and nuances of landing and care for Aktindia in Belarus.

Aktinidia in Belarus. Features and description of actinidia

If the actinidium plant is still familiar to the territory of Belarus, then at the reference of Kiwi fruit, everyone immediately represents a small shaggy fruit with the emerald pulp and a refreshing taste. It is worth noting that Liana Aktinidia and Kiwi are two plants from one family and even from one kind. Kiwi is the fruits of such Liana as Aktinidia Delicious, which grows in China and gives large yields of such tasty and healthy fruits. Unfortunately, Aktinidia is a delicacious thermal-loving variety that can withstand frosts up to minus 10 degrees, so there is simply impossible to grow real kiwi in Belarus. However, it is not necessary to despair with Belarusian gardeners, since at their disposal other varieties of this unique liana remain, which have excellent frost resistance.

Aktinidia is one of its most perennial, rustic lianas that belong to the Aktinidia family. These are leaf fall and downtown plants, for the full reproduction of which two copies are needed, one of which is female, and the other male. Determine the affiliation can be in colors of liana. To date, this family includes about 70 types of actinidia, which have the most different characteristics and are distinguished by both the peculiarities of the appearance and the size of the fruit. Of course, the largest fruit can only be seen from actinidia delicate, but other species will delight gardeners with delicious and useful mini kiwi.

The territory of China, the territory of China, is considered to be the territory of China, where about 30 of all species of this plant are growing in nature. In the wild, many years of Liau can also be found on the territory of Southeast Asia, in the Himalayav district, in the Far East, in the Primorsky Territory. In Europe, Aktinidia appeared only in 1958, and after that, Russian gardeners began to grow this culture on their sites. In Belarus, to meet in the gardens the closest relative of Kiwi is quite difficult even now.

Actinide description:

Aktinidia is a tree-like deciduous liana, which, depending on the specific species, has a number of differences from common features.
The root system is quite powerful, consists of a large number of roots.
Liana itself is formed by shoots of three species: vegetative, mixed and fruit. On the last two shoots, the plant forms its fruits.
Soothes are flexible with a smooth surface and a chestnut tint of the bark.
The whole liana consists of skeletal branches and young shoots that depart from the main. Usually the thickness of the skeletal branch at the base is 3-6 cm.
Actinide, depending on the specific type and variety, can be lowered or a strong-silt Lian. On average, the height of one liana can be from 2 meters to 20. For example, the actinide of the kolomykta, which can be grown on the territory of Belarus, can grow in height by 2-5 meters.
A feature of the Vidoid Lian Aktinondi is the ability to wrap up the support counterclockwise. It should be noted that if there is support, this liana can grow more.
The kidneys of this plant is completely or partially hidden in the scars of sheet plates.
Aktinidia's leaves are very decorative and are one of the main reasons to plant this Lian on its plot.
The leaves are solid, have a heart shape, on the edge of a sawd or gear. Some varieties are thin plate, others can be leathery. In length, leaves can reach 10-15 cm, and in a width of 5-7 cm.
Located leaves on shoots in the next order.
Many species and varieties of actinidia have a fond of foliage with pinkish and yellowish stains and shades. The main color sheet plate saturated green.

In the sinuses of the leaves blooming flowers, which differ depending on the male or female affiliation. In men's copies of actinidia, flowers are collected in fairly large inflorescences that can withdraw from 5-7 pieces to 15-17 colors. In the center of men's colors there is a large number of small stamens, which are painted in yellow, for example, from actinide kolomykti, or black, if we talk about Aktinidia Argut. In the female instance, flowers are most often located one or in a group of 2-3.
Pollination of actinidia occurs through bees and bumblebees.
The flower in diameter can be from 1 cm to 3 cm, while the petals are painted in white or golden yellow shade.
Flowers of most actinidia varieties do not smell, with the exception of the actinide polygamus, the colors of which exuded a very pleasant fragrance.
Liana bloom begins at the end of May.
After complete flow of inflorescences on the plant, the fruits of the oblong shape appear, which in length can reach approximately 1-5 cm.
The shade of fruits is also different: yellowish-green, light orange, brown-brown. Some varieties are distinguished by a small omission of fruits.
It is worth noting that not all the fruits are edible.
In the fall of actinidium becomes the most decorative when the foliage is painted in shades of raspberry, pink or yellow.
On the territory of Belarus, Aktindia can be grown both for obtaining useful fruits and for decorating the site. With the help of such a liana, various supports, arbors and fences can be tired.

A variety of species and varieties of actinide for Belarus

Of the variety of species of actinidia in Belarus, it is possible to grow only a few. Most often, gardeners prefer such varieties as Aktinidia Kolomikt, Aktinidia Argut, Aktinidia Purple, as well as Polygamine and Djiraldi. Each species has its own peculiarities and external characteristics, so further consider the description of the most popular species and their varieties for which the climate of Belarus is suitable.

Aktinidia Kolomykt for Belarus

One of the most popular species of this plant, which is characterized by the highest resistance to frosts.
In the people, this species is very often called the Amur gooseberry.
In nature prefers to settle in forests with fir, cedars and fir.
This lion can reach from 5 to 10 m. The barrel diameter at the base is 2 cm.
On the shoots, the leaves are 7-16 cm long bloom, which have an ovoid shape. The edge of the sheet plate is pilt, there are a slight in the veils. Reddish stuffs.
In male plants, the leaves are motley - at the very beginning, the tips become whitish, then stained in gentle pink tones, after which they become crimson. In the fall of the foliage becomes a reddish-purple or yellowish-pink.
Aktinidia of this species can be male and female.
The fruits are obliged, in length can reach 2-2.5 cm. The surface of the green shade, but under the sun beams it can become reddish.
Fruits edible.

Popular varieties:

Aktinidia Pineapple. A fast-growing plant that has the highest fruiting. Fruits in length reach approximately 3 cm, have a pleasant pineapple taste.
Aktinidia Dr. Shimanovsky. It is a frost-resistant yield variety that can be grown in Belarus. Fruits in length reach 2.5 cm and weigh an average of 3 grams. The taste of sour-sweet with a pleasant apple pineapple flavor.
Aktinidia Lacca. It is a variety of average ripening time, great for the climate of Belarus. The fruits are quite large, the weight of one can be 5 grams. The fruit is growing up to 3 cm.

Aktinidia Argut for Belarus

In the people, this variety of Liana is called Aktinidia Acute.
The natural area of \u200b\u200bhabitat is the territory of the Far East and China, where this plant prefers to settle in coniferous and mixed forests.
Aktinidia Argut is the most powerful Lian in the entire family, the height averages can be 15-20 meters.
The leaves of the ovoid shape, in length reach 15 cm, have a pointed top and a pilot edge.
Flowers are small to 2 cm in diameter, consist of white petals. After complete dissolution, a pleasant fragrance exudes.
Fruits ripen approximately in September, have a rounded shape, they can be eaten.

Popular varieties:

Aktinidia Summal. It is a frost-resistant grade, which is distinguished by late maturation. The fruits of the elongated-cylindrical shape, very fragrant, green shade. The weight of one berry is 18 grams. From one Liana, you can collect a yield of 10-12 kg.
Aktinidia Primorskaya. The variety with the average winter hardiness is distinguished by resistance to disease and pests. For the tie of fruits, women's and male individuals are required. Fruits of elliptical shape weighing up to 8 grams. Berries with thin skin, gentle flesh and apple aroma.
Aktinidia Large-door. Drought-resistant and frost-resistant grade, which is distinguished by delicious fruits with honey taste and light aroma.

Aktinidia Polygam for Belarus

It is a tree-like deciduous liano, which in height reaches about 4-5 meters.
Outwardly, this kind is similar to actinidia kolomikt.
The color of the leaves is green with silver spots, in the autumn become yellow.
White colors with a pleasant aroma.
Fruits edible weighing up to 3 grams.

Varieties:

Aktinidia Apricot. It is a variety of late ripening time with moderate winter hardiness. It has a good immunity to diseases and pests. Berries up to 3.5 cm long, juicy with sour and sweet taste and fragrance of balm.
Aktinidia Beauty. This is a winter-hardy grade with excellent immunity to diseases and pests. The fruits of an acidic taste weighing up to 4 grams.

Actinide reproduction in Belarus: the most common ways

Grow actinidia on the territory of Belarus is simple enough, the main thing is to determine the specific method of reproduction. Many different methods are available for the breeding of this Liana, among which seed reproduction, with the help of gods and cuttings. Each method has its own features and rules that are important to consider when choosing optimal option. Consider the most common ways of reproduction of actinidia in Belarus.

Seed reproduction of actinidia in Belarus

This method is used less frequently for the reason that young lianas can lose all maternal signs. In addition, it will bloom and bring the first fruits such a plant is only 7 years after landing.
With seed reproduction it is difficult to assume the plants of what sex as a result will be obtained.
First of all, you need to get seeds of actinidia. For this, ripe and whole berry is kneading and placed in a mesh bag, then washed under running water.
In the end, only seeds of plants should remain, which are laid out on a flat surface for drying.
In the first half of December, seeds in 4 days are soaked in water in such a way that the water is above them somewhat cm. At the same time, water should be changed every day.
After that, the seeds of actinidia are placed in the caprochy stocking and lowered into the container with sand. This box must be kept at 18-20 degrees.
In about January, the box with seeds turn the cloth and bury deeply under the snow. If there is little snow, then the box can be placed in the refrigerator.
After two months, the drawer is extracted, while the temperature must be raised gradually so that the seeds are in the hibernation.
Continue to rinse and ventilate the seeds until they proceed. Only after that you can proceed to sowing.
Prepare a container with a mixture of river sand and a delicate earth and drink seeds into it, blocking them about half a hundred.
At about the beginning of summer, 3-4 leaf should be formed on seedlings, after which they need to be transplanted into the greenhouse.
The first time Aktinidia will bloom only after 3-5 years, it is possible to determine where the male and female individual.

Reproduction of Aktindia in Belarus

This method is very popular, as it is possible to quickly and easily propagate actinidia in the climatic conditions of Belarus.
A reproduction is carried out with the help of a spring after the appearance on the shoots of young leaves.
Choose one strong and healthy escape on Liana and hurt it to the surface of the Earth, where to pre-prepare the furrow.
Press firmly shoot and pour the central part with the soil, leaving the top with a free length of about 10-15 cm.
In order not to get up to the top, it is recommended to pin it with a bracket.
Throughout the season, water the strains with the mother plant, and regularly remove weeds.
In the fall or the next year, a young plant can be disconnected from maternal and put it at a permanent place.

Reproduction of actinidia in Belarus with stalling

This method is considered the most quick and easy, which makes it possible to obtain directly a large number of seedlings.
First, you need to prepare green cuttings, this is best carried out in June, when the fruits begin to form.
Select on the vine healthy and strong branches of 1 meter and cut the quantity you need.
The resulting threads put into water, simultaneously cutting each escape to a length of 10-15 cm so that each cutting had three buds and 2 internodes.
The lower section is best done at an angle, you must also remove the lower leaves and the upper shortened by half.
Thereafter cuttings are planted in a greenhouse or a greenhouse in a prepared ground. Rooting cuttings need at an angle so that the kidney was average at the level of the soil surface.
Should be watered regularly and ventilate the cuttings up to the establishment.
In winter you need to hide planting material fallen leaves and in spring the young plants are planted in a permanent place.

Landing Actinidia in Belarus

If you doubt that on the territory of Belarus, you can grow Lian Aktinidia, then you should simply try to do it. It is enough to buy Aktinidia in Belarus in the form of a healthy seedling and competently carry out the preparatory work and actually the planting process and can be rejected by a beautiful and unusual plant on its plot. Consider all stages of landing Aktindia in Belarus.

Stage 1. Selection and purchase of actinidia seating in Belarus

First of all, it is necessary to take care of buying healthy and strong actinidia seedlings.
Buy actinidia seedlings in Belarus can be in specialized garden shops and nurseries who are professionally engaged in breeding plants.
Do not buy landing material in the natural markets, as in this case you can come across unprofessional sellers with poor-quality seedlings.
It is recommended to acquire seedlings in containers, because in them the root system of the plant is saved from mechanical damage and drying. Such a plant has more chances to take root.
When choosing a type and variety of actinidia, focus on the climatic conditions of Belarus. You should not buy heat-loving seedlings for landing, for example, actinidia delicacy. Of this landing material, something is hardly possible.
Experienced gardeners recommend buying two-year or three-year-old actinidia seedlings. They are best joining.
Before buying, be sure to carefully check the trunk of a seedling, its shoots and leaves for damage and signs of diseases.

Stage 2. Choosing a place for landing Aktindia in Belarus

This is further important to pick up on your site an ideal place for landing Aktinidia.
It is preferable to plant actinidia from the southern or eastern side of the building, which will protect the plant from the North Wind.
This plant prefers to grow in open sunny places with a small shading at noon.
It should be borne in mind that it is best to plant Lian on a small elevation.
Do not forget to provide support. It can be a wall of a building, a fence, arch or a gazebo.

Stage 3. Choice and preparation of soil for Aktindia in Belarus

Aktinidia prefers to grow on loose and light soils, does not like this plant clay soils.
Be sure to take carefully to check the soil moisture and its drainage.
Do not land seedlings in alkaline ground.
Aktinidia needs to be planted at some distance from the walls and fences. It is advisable to stick to a distance of 1.5-2 meters.
Before boarding, it is necessary to carefully switch the selected plot and remove all weeds.

Stage 4. The process of landing Aktinidia in Belarus

In the climatic conditions of Belarus, it is recommended to plant Sapinidia seedlings in the spring, so that they have time to arrive before the winter.
Before the landing itself, it is necessary to prepare landing pits or trenches. It is important to remember about the distance that must be respected between plants. Optimally between actinidia seedlings adhere to a distance of 1-1.5 meters. If you want to decorate the wall of the house, then the seedlings need to land every 50 cm.
Previously need to prepare landing pits. It is done about 2 weeks before the start of landing. To do this, boilers are 50 cm in size in width and 50 cm in depth.
Next, on the bottom of each pit, it is necessary to place a drainage layer, which can be used crushed stone, clayzite or broken brick.
After that, mix the soil with humid and mineral fertilizers: 120 grams of ammonium nitrate, 250 grams of superphosphate, 35 grams of wood ash. It is impossible to add fertilizer chloride, as they are destructive for the plant.
Two weeks are necessary for the fact that the soil is a little donkey, after which the bumps from the soil without fertilizers are poured and put the sapling of actinidia.
After that, the plant falls asleep in such a way that the root neck is on the surface.
Be sure to paint the actinidia with water and climb the surface to peat. It is also desirable to protect the young seedling net from cats, which attracts the smell.

Agrotechnika cultivation of actinidia in Belarus: secrets and nuances of care

Care for actinidia in Belarus does not differ from the same process in other climatic conditions.

Watering. In order for this Liana to please you with beautiful and motley leaves, as well as useful fruits, it is necessary to follow the humidity of the soil. It is necessary in the morning or evening every week spray the plant. In particular dry periods of actinidium, it can reset the leaves if it is not enough to water. Usually in hot weather once a week you need to pour for each plant for 7-8 buckets of water.
Loosening and mulching. To loosen the soil around the Lian needed regularly, almost after each watering, since the plant loves loose soil. However, it is necessary to do it superficially. To reduce the amount of irrigation, you need to constantly update the mulch layer. To do this, simply remove the old peat and plunder fresh.
Feeding Putting fertilizers contributes to improving the winter hardiness of the Liana, so do not neglect feeding. The first time Lianin feeds in the spring and bring nitrogen and phosphoric fertilizers under each bush. The second feeding the same fertilizer with the addition of potash is introduced at the time of formation of uncess. The last time Aktinidia needs to be contacted in September using phosphate and potash fertilizers.
Trimming. You can crop only the plants that have reached a three-year-old age. The forming trim is carried out throughout the summer in such a way that it can be cut off all the shoots thickening the crown. 8 years after the landing, they carry out a rejuvenating trimming, during which all shoots cut off, leaving 40 cm fuels.
Aktinidia in winter. In the territory of Belarus, the winter is quite cold, so it is important to cover young saplings of actinidia. To do this, you need to remove all shoots from the support, gently roll them and put on the soil. From above, they are sprinkled with peat and dry leaves. More adult actsii winter without shelter.

Aktinidia in Belarus - Photo

Aktinidia is an unusual and beautiful plant that can not only shame your gazebo or terrace, but also to please you with a large harvest of delicious and useful berries, which are so reminded by everyone's favorite Kiwi. Plant and grow Lian Aktindia in Belarus is not at all difficult, the main thing is to have a desire and some free time.